Exports of energy

RAND conducted a simulation of the impact of a decline in the price of oil from about 26 a barrel (Urals blend) to 12 a barrel in 2005. The simulation results in a 16 percent decline in corporate profits and a 3 percent decline in investment as opposed to increases of 4 and 7 percent, respectively, under a constant oil-price scenario. Russia s terms of trade" fall by 17.5 percent, resulting in a much smaller rise in household consumption (2 percent) than the 7.3 percent increase in consumption enjoyed in 2003. However, lower energy prices result in increases in the output and export of energy-intensive industries such as metallurgy and chemicals. Even under such a drastic decline in oil prices, the Russian economy would continue to grow. 

Sulfuric acid plants are net exporters of energy. Since energy costs are rising worldwide it is imperative to maximize the heat recovery from the plants by addressing the following ... 

Hydrocarbon partial oxidation reactions are highly exothermic but reaction temperatures are normally kept down to prevent by-product formation. Any energy recovered in the form of steam is usually fully utilized in the distillation train and/or other processes which are used to separate the desired product in sufficient purity from the accompanying spectrum of by-products. One process which is a net exporter of energy is the naphtha oxidation process for the manufacture of acetic (ethanoic) acid (section 12.5). The only two other processes which are significant exporters of energy are the manufacture of sulphuric acid from sulphur and the oxidation of ammonia to nitric acid. 

As recently as in 2003-2004, imports of energy kept the US economy going. Today, the United States is a net exporter of energy with plenty of shale gas and oil available ... 

According to some experts, the next best solution for energy independence is to make sure that all imported energy comes from friendly countries. The idea is to ensure a guaranteed source of energy in case a major energy exporter were to suddenly cut off its... 

Bacteria possess biological efflux pumps that involve an energy-dependent export of antibiotics, among other substances, from within either the periplasm or cytoplasm to the outside environment. This is essentially a detoxification process for the bacteria. The phenomenon decreases the concentration of antibiotic inside the cell [7]. 

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