Ultrasound tests

The density of aluminum is 2.7 g/cra . Density is a property that can be used to identify an unknown sample of matter. Every sample of pure aluminum has the same density. How It Works at the end of the chapter explains how ultrasound testing relies on the variation in density among materials. 

Bossuyt and colleagues describe a study design to determine whether ultrasound testing of the fetus can be used to... 

Fig. 2.29). The grafts were examined daily postimplantation for patenq , which is the abihty of a scaffold to stay open with exposure to physiological conditions. This was performed using ultrasound tests. 

Assessment of effectiveness of the repair by ultrasound testing and examination of cores obtained from the repaired structure. 

High-frequency ultrasound tests should be performed using reflection methods with frequencies no lower than 1.5 MHz and probes with a maximum diameter of 25 mm using technology based on the variation of the first peak range to localize imperfections (Fig. 8.3). 

Fig. 8.3 High-frequency ultrasound tests on a steel structure reinforced with FRP...

It is a high pressure eell equipped with an ultrasound test system, as shown in Figure 1. The cell is equipped with a pair of ultrasonic transducers to measure acoustic properties, and also has two windows for visual observation. Its volume is 1750 ml. The cell is surrounded by a cooling jacket which is connected to a thermostat bath for achieving the required temperature. 

Ultrasound testing is important as a diagnostic tool in medicine. It is used mainly in obstetrics and gynecology but also for examining the heart and blood vessels. 

In this paper, the performanees of laser-ultrasound are estimated in order to identify lacks of weld penetration. The laser-ultrasonic technique is applied to cylindrical metallic strucmres (few mm thick) in a single-sided control. The results obtained for different materials (gold-nickel alloy and tantalum) are presented by B-sean views for which the control configuration is discussed with regard to the thermal effects at the laser impact. This testing is performed for different lacks of weld penetration (up to 0.5 mm for a thickness of 2 mm) even in the presence of the weld bead, which corresponds to an actual industrial problem. 

The performances of ultrasound generated and detected by lasers offer a wide field of applications in industry, so that we will pursue research for the testing of very small strucmres which could only be examined by a contactless technique. 

Shoe Delay. Defines the shoe, or wedge, delay, in tenths of microseconds, of the prohe being used. This control is used to adjust the zero point of time interval measurement to correspond to the instant that the ultrasound pulse enters the test piece. 

Material Veloeity. Defines the velocity, in metres/sec, of ultrasound in the material of the test piece used to convert A-scan signal time to distances within the test piece. 

In this paper we propose a multivariable regression approach for estimating ultrasound attenuation in composite materials by means of pulse-echo measurements, thus overcoming the problems with limited access that is the main drawback of through-transmission testing. 

In co-operation with LM Glasfiber, a complete section of a rotor blade was produced with a number of well defined defects in order to perform an initial sensitivity test by means of ultrasound, vibrations techniques and real-time radiography. Based on the results of this initial test it was found that automated ultrasonic inspection was the best suited teclmique. In co-... 

Through the use of lab tests implemented by the pulp and paper companies in the United States and Canada it was determined that all but one manual technique were both unrepeatable and inaccurate. During some years ago the operators of black liquor recovery boilers have been able to take advantage of the latest teehnology to inspect the wall thickness of the near drum generator tubes. The technology utilises immersion ultrasound and automated computer... 

Membranes and Osmosis. Membranes based on PEI can be used for the dehydration of organic solvents such as 2-propanol, methyl ethyl ketone, and toluene (451), and for concentrating seawater (452—454). On exposure to ultrasound waves, aqueous PEI salt solutions and brominated poly(2,6-dimethylphenylene oxide) form stable emulsions from which it is possible to cast membranes in which submicrometer capsules of the salt solution ate embedded (455). The rate of release of the salt solution can be altered by surface—active substances. In membranes, PEI can act as a proton source in the generation of a photocurrent (456). The formation of a PEI coating on ion-exchange membranes modifies the transport properties and results in permanent selectivity of the membrane (457). The electrochemical testing of salts (458) is another possible appHcation of PEI. 

Periodic laboratory tests (liver function studies) and ultrasound or radiologic examinations of the gallbladder may be scheduled by the primary health care provider. 

D-dimer this test may be a helpful adjunct to either a venous ultrasound or V/Q scan... 

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