Single sided

In this paper, the performanees of laser-ultrasound are estimated in order to identify lacks of weld penetration. The laser-ultrasonic technique is applied to cylindrical metallic strucmres (few mm thick) in a single-sided control. The results obtained for different materials (gold-nickel alloy and tantalum) are presented by B-sean views for which the control configuration is discussed with regard to the thermal effects at the laser impact. This testing is performed for different lacks of weld penetration (up to 0.5 mm for a thickness of 2 mm) even in the presence of the weld bead, which corresponds to an actual industrial problem. 

This paper deals with the control of weld depth penetration for cylinders in gold-nickel alloy and tantalum. After introducing the experimental set-up and the samples description, the study and the optimization of the testing are presented for single-sided measurements either in a pulse-echo configuration or when the pump and the probe laser beams are shifted (influence of a thermal phenomenon), and for different kind of laser impact (a line or a circular spot). First, the ultrasonic system is used to detect and to size a flat bottom hole in an aluminium plate. Indeed, when the width of the hole is reduced, its shape is nearly similar to the one of a slot. Then, the optimization is accomplished for... 

The use of Lamb waves offers the possibility of rapid long-range in-service inspection. Receiver and transmitter probes are positioned single sided - access is only required from one side of the specimen - in a pitch-catch-arrangement, the receiver being outside tbe field of the specular reflection. 

From Example A6.2 we know that after 100 steps of the countercurrent extraction, solute A is normally distributed about tube 90 with a standard deviation of 3. To determine the fraction of solute in tubes 85-99, we use the single-sided normal distribution in Appendix lA to determine the fraction of solute in tubes 0-84 and in tube 100. The fraction of solute A in tube 100 is determined by calculating the deviation z (see Chapter 4)... 

Single-sided dryer air velocities can mn from 150—600 m/s and have heat-transfer coefficients from 30—140 W/(m -K). Floater dryers operate at slightly lower (150—500 m/s) slot velocities and have higher (50—275 W/(m -K) heat-transfer coefficients. 

F For single-sided welded joints, concavity of the root surface shall not reduce the total thickness of the joint, including reinforcement, to less than the thickness of the thinner of the components being jointed. 

The traditional design pattern (to be described in Section 7.7.5) is recommended for air curtains with heated indoor air. The air curtain may be doublesided with horizontal supply (Fig. 7.S6a), or it may be single-sided (Fig. 7.86f ) with horizontal or vertical supply. In all cases, the air curtain is a flat jet discharged at an angle toward the pressure side of the opening. 

Many natural ventilation problems are related to the thermally driven air exchange in a building. Such cases must be most often treated using combined thermal and ventilation models or thermal models with an integrated natural ventilation model (see Section 11.5). For example, in COMIS, a simple, single-zone thermal model is included for transient single-sided ventilation calculations. 

The best presentation will have considered text font, color, columns, relationship of text to diagrams, single-sided printing, etc. 

While the manifolds were fabricated by a plain molding process, the microchannels substrate fabrication was quite complicated and was achieved by a multistage process. The following main stages were used in the process (1) double side oxidation of a 525 pm (1 0 0) silicon substrate to 1,000 A, (2) single side 1,200 A silicon nitride deposition, (3) silicon nitride channels template opening by reactive... 

In general, single-sided radiation is suggested for the articles of 6 mm thickness having equivalent density of water, but for materials having density higher than water, double-sided irradiation is recommended. 

Figure 4.28. Correlation graph for file PROFILE.dat. The facts that (a) 23 out of 55 combinations yield probabilities of error below p = 0.04 (42% expected due to chance alone =8%) and (b) that they fall into a clear pattern makes it highly probable that the peak areas [%] of the corresponding chromatograms follow a hidden set of rules. This is borne out by plotting the vectors two by two. Because a single-sided test is used, p cannot exceed 0.5.

Zero sampling error Eq. (1.6) reduces to Vreprod = V repeat-Independent individual samples/measurements in the sense of Fig. 1.5. A result that is nearer to the SL(/ and an accepted risk of 5% (alpha/2 = 0.05 for the single-sided test use the alpha = 0.1 column in the t-table). 

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