Air Force, U.S.

Another application of laser-based profilometry is the inspection of rocket and missile components. The U.S. Air Force has funded work to develop a non-contact laser-based profilometer for the inside surface of solid rocket motors. Over time, these devices are subject to slumping and cracking, which could potentially render the rocket motor ineffective and hazardous. When fully implemented, this system will provide a meaningful screening method for evaluating the condition of aging rocket motors. 

Furfural reacts with ketones to form strong, crosslinked resins of technical interest in the former Soviet Union the U.S. Air Force has also shown some interest (42,43). The so-called furfurylidene acetone monomer, a mixture of 2-furfurylidene methyl ketone [623-15-4] (1 )> bis-(2-furfurylidene) ketone [886-77-1] (14), mesityl oxide, and other oligomers, is obtained by condensation of furfural and acetone under basic conditions (44,45). Treatment of the "monomer" with an acidic catalyst leads initially to polymer of low molecular weight and ultimately to cross-linked, black, insoluble, heat-resistant resin (46). 

PBI is being marketed as a replacement for asbestos and as a high temperature filtration fabric with exceUent textile apparel properties. The synthesis of whoUy aromatic polybenzimidazoles with improved thermal stabUities was reported in 1961 (12). The Non-MetaUic Materials and Manufacturing Technology Division of the U.S. Air Force Materials Laboratory, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, awarded a contract to the Narmco Research and Development Division of the Whittaker Corp. for development of these materials into high temperature adhesives and laminates. 

During the 1930s gradual improvements in the product and processing overcame some of the drawbacks of this material. Nonetheless, the apphcations were limited and Thiokol Corp. stmggled to remain solvent. The first year Thiokol reported a profit was in 1941, 13 years after its foundation. This was realized when the U.S. Air Force discovered that the aUphatic polysulftdes were usehil as a fuel-resistant sealant for aircraft tanks and hoses. Polysulftdes also began to be used as sealants for boat hulls and decks. 

The lower volatihty of JP-8 is a significant factor in the U.S. Air Force conversion from JP-4, since fires and explosions under both combat and ordinary handling conditions have been attributed to the use of JP-4. In examining the safety aspects of fuel usage in aircraft, a definitive study (15) of the accident record of commercial and military jet transports concluded that kerosene-type fuel is safer than wide-cut fuel with respect to survival in crashes, in-flight fires, and ground fueling accidents. However, the difference in the overall accident record is small because most accidents are not fuel-related. 

Elemental Boron, Technical Report AFAPL-TR-65-88, U.S. Air Force Contract No. AF33(615)2258 CaUery Chemical, CaUery, Pa., 1988. 

J. M. Ctiscione and co-workers, U.S. Air Force Materials Laboratory ML-TDR64-173, Parts I through IV, 1964—1966. 

Military Chemistry and Chemical Compounds. U.S. Army Field Manual 3-9/U.S. Air Forces Field Manual 355-7, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C., Oct. 1975. 

Mihtary interest in the development of fuel and thermal resistant elastomers for low temperature service created a need for fluorinated elastomers. In the early 1950s, the M. W. Kellogg Co. in a joint project with the U.S. Army Quartermaster Corps, and 3M in a joint project with the U.S. Air Force, developed two commercial fluorocarbon elastomers. The copolymers of vinyUdene fluoride, CF2=CH2, and chlorotrifluoroethylene, CF2=CFC1, became available from Kellogg in 1955 under the trademark of Kel-F (1-3) (see Fluorine compounds, ORGANic-POLYcm.OROTRiFLUOROETHYLENE Poly(vinylidene) fluoride). In 1956, 3M introduced a polymer based on poly(l,l-dihydroperfluorobutyl acrylate) trademarked 3M Brand Fluorombber 1F4 (4). The poor balance of acid, steam, and heat resistance of the latter elastomer limited its commercial use. 

Extracted from U.S. Standard Atmosphere, 1976, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Aeronautics and Space Administration and tte U.S. Air Force, Washington, 1976. Z = geometric altitude, T = temperature, P = pressure, g = acceleration of gravity, M = molecular weight, a = velocity of sound, i = viscosity, k = thermal conductivity, X = mean free path, p = density, and H = geopotential altitude. The notation 1.79.—5 signifies 1.79 X 10 . ... 

Overview The U.S. Air Force has classified material that must be destroyed. Disintegrators provide an alternative to incineration for the destruction of classified materials. Disintegrators are able to handle the destruction of paper, thick documents, video cassettes, microfilm or reels, CD-ROMs, microfiche, and diskettes. Disintegrators are available with a capacity of 50 to over 7500 lbs. per hour. Disintegrators work in the following way ... 

Joyce, R. P., Chenzoff, A. P., Mulligan, J. F., Mallory, W. J (1973). Fully Proceduralized Job Performance Aids Vol. II, Handbook for JPA Developers (AFHRL-TR-73- 43(H)) (AD775-705). Wright Patterson Air Force Base, OH U.S. Air Force Human Resources Laboratory. 

In 1963, Major (Dr.) Lowell A. King (Figure 1.1) at the U.S. Air Force Academy initiated a research project aimed at finding a replacement for the LiCl/KCl molten salt electrolyte used in thermal batteries. 

U.S. Air Force Academy in 1961. He was an early researcher in the development of low-temperature molten salts as battery electrolytes. At that time low temperature meant close to 100 °C, compared to many hundreds of degrees for conventional molten salts. His work led directly to the chloroaluminate ionic liquids. 

Mary s University in Halifax, Nova Scotia. He was a visiting professor at the U.S. Air Force Academy in 1991, where he first prepared many of the water-stable ionic liquids popular today. 

During 1944 at U.S. Air Force, Wright-Patterson AFB, Dayton, OH the first successful all plastic airplane (primary and secondary structures) was designed, fabricated, and flight tested (Fig. 4-11). It used... 

This research was supported by the Advanced Research Projects Agency (Project Defender) and was monitored by the U.S. Army Research Office-Durham under contract DA-31-124-D-257, by the Atomic Energy Commission, and by the U.S. Air Force Office of Scientific Research, Office of Aerospace Research, under AFOSR grant no. AF-AFOSR-631-67. 

C5. Craven, W. E., "Intercalation of the Rare Earth Elements into Graphite and Di-chalcogenides, M. S. Thesis, U S Air Force Institute of Technology, Air University, 1965, 68 pp. Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio. 

At Eglin AFB, Florida, the U.S. Air Force initiated an experiment in 1962 to test aerial application equipment for deposition of defoliants... 

Air Force. 1990. Development and validation of methods for applying pharmacokinetic data in risk assessment Volume n. Trichloroethylene. Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, OH U.S. Air Force, Air Force Systems Command, Harry G. Armstrong Medical Research Laboratory, Human Systems Division. NTIS No. AD-A237 366. 

The authors wish to gratefully acknowledge the valuable assistance of Mr. Richard Brown in conducting the experiments. Helpful discussions with Dr. Daniel Stone, project officer, and Lt. Col. Michael MacNaughton, project manager, are also acknowledged. This study was supported by funds from the U.S. Air Force Contract No. AF-F08635-78-C-0307. 

U.S. Air Force. 1989. Hydraulic fluids. In The installation restoration program toxicology guide Vol. 4. Prepared by Oak Ridge National Laboratory for Armstrong Aerospace Medical Research Laboratory, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, OH, 68-1 to 68-40. 

Our research in organoboron chemistry has been generously supported by the National Science Foundation, the U.S. Air Force Office of Scientific Research, and Akzo Corporate Research America. 

Inhalation studies at the U.S. Air Force Aerospace Medical Research Laboratory showed an increased tumor response (hemangiosarcomas and Kupffer cell sarcomas) in mice exposed at 5 ppm, 6 h/d, 5 d/w for 6 mon (MacEwen and Vernot 1977, and Flaun 1977, reviewed in Trochimowicz 1994). Rats similarly exposed at 5 ppm exhibited increased incidences of squamous cell carcinomas of the lung and hepatocellular carcinomas. Hamsters subjected to a similar experimental protocol failed to show an increased incidence of tumors (MacEwen and Vernot 1975). It must be noted that the 1,1-dimethylhydrazine used in these studies contained 0.12% dimethylnitrosamine, which could be a significant confounder. 

It is a pleasure to thank Rudolph Black of the United States Advanced Research Projects Agency, who, in May 1971, funded our proposal that "temperature variations in past climates may be evaluated by measuring stable isotope ratios in natural data banks such as tree ring and varve sequences". We thank William Best of the U.S. Air Force Office of Scientific Research who monitored our study and Frank Eden of the U.S. National Science Foundation who subsequently provided further funds. 

Jet fuel formulations used by the U.S. Air Force, Army, and Navy/Marines include JP-4, JP-5, JP-8, or JP-8+100, while the aviation industry utilizes Jet A or A1. Essentially all these fuels are kerosene-based, complex mixtures of hundreds of aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons (C6-C17) that are differentiated based on performance additives. Primary... 

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