Tumor cell cultures

A cyclic nucleotide, 2, 3 -bis(2-chloroethyl)aminophosphoryl-3 -amino-3 -deoxyadenosine (139) showing antitumor activity, was prepared in 40% yield starting from 3 -amino-3 -deoxyadenosine 133 by its phosphorylation with N,N-bis-(2-chloroethyl) amidophosphoryl dichloride 138. Both P-diastcrcomers separated by column chromatography exhibit activity against KB tumor cell cultures (Scheme 40) [71]. 

As primary cultures of enterocytes fail to form a polarized epithelial monolayer and therefore, do not display an apical and basolateral surface, continuously growing (tumor) cell cultures can be used to investigate the permeation and... 

Da Violante, G., Zerrouk, N., Richard, I., Provot, G., Chaumeil, J.C., and Arnaud, P., Evaluation of the cytotoxicity effect of dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) on Caco2/TC7 colon tumor cell cultures, Biol. Pharm. Bull., 25,1600, 2002. 

Limitations of 2-D Tumor Cell Cultures and Advantages of 3-D Tumor Cell-Based Assays... 

Altered Gene and Protein Expression in 3-D Compared with 2-D Tumor Cell Cultures... 

Thus, the development of new anthracycline antibiotics is of interest in which the therapeutical width is enhanced by decreasing toxicity and increasing specificity. Several screening methods are presently available in clinical tests. One is carried out by measurement of the survival rate of mice, induced with P 388 leukemia carcinoma [30, 32], Other methods are based on in-vitro tests either the 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) of nucleosomal RNA synthesis is measured or the growth of tumor cell cultures like He La is observed [34],... 

Metastasis 2. Medium for tumor cell culture, e.g., Minimal Essential Medium Eagle (MEM) (Gibco, Invitrogen) 3. 10X Trypsin/EDTA dilute to final concentration lx with PBS (Sigma-Aldrich) 4. Standardized tumor cell suspension, radiolabeled 5. Hank s balanced salt solution, Ca++ and Mg++ free (CMF-HBSS) (Sigma-Aldrich, H-2387) 6. Trypan blue stain 7. Mouse vice 8. Heat lamps... 

Adherent tumor cell cultures can be used in vitro and in vivo to characterize tumor growth, metastasis, regulation of the immune system, and gene expression. The standardization of the cell suspension for injection is a process critical to generate reproducible metastasis. 

Tumor cell cultures should be split 48 h before use and re-fed 24 h before harvest. 

Adamietz et al. I" 106] treated Ehrlich ascites tumor cells, cultured in vitro, with bromelain. When exposure to bromelain was started at the time of cell plating, there was a temporary block of DNA synthesis, followed by a growth acceleration 48 hours Inlet Tumor cells already ad an ted to the substratum and... 

The same authors also reported on the correlation found between the radiosensi-tizing effects of five nitroimidazoles in either murine EMT-6 or Chinese hamster V79 tumor cell cultures and log Poet. or log Km. For all five partition coefficients, no significant correlation was observed for EMT-6 cells. However, highly significant correlations were obtained for V79 cells with all four log KM values, including those in liposome preparations with cholesterol added. No significant correlation was obtained with log Poet, (log Km i to log Km iv r= 0.92, 0.95, 0.947, 0.937) (log Poct r = 0.588). 

Preparation of tumor cells. Cultured tumor cells are detached by EDTA treatment, resuspended and rinsed in HESS buffered with 10 mM HEPES at pH 7.3, and finally adjusted with the same buffer at a concentration of 10 /ml. 

Northern blotting can be applied to reveal mRNA levels in treated vs. untreated cell cultures, as well as in tumor specimens vs. normal homologous counterparts. Overexpression of proteases and their inhibitors has been demonstrated using Northern in transformed tissues (Caenazzo et al., 1998) and treated tumor cell cultures (Negro et al., 1997), respeetively. 

New drugs suspected of having anticancer activity are tested in standard animal models in which tumors are transplanted from one generation of animals, generally mice, to the next and are thus perpetuated in vivo. In vitro tumor cell culture systems are commonly used to determine if a new drug has cytotoxic or growth-inhibiting activity. However, the in vivo test is considered to be a better predictor of activity in humans. 

Ozonolysis of the C(2)-C(3) double bond has been used by two Japanese groups in two different synthetic approaches to 8-deoxyvemolepin (259), a functionalized elemanolide that shows potent activity against tumor cell cultures in vitro. 

GBR Great Barrier Reef, Queensland, Australia HCT Human colon tumor cell culture... 

Szende B, Tyihak E, Kiraly-Veghely Z. Dose-dependent effect of resveratrol on proliferation and apoptosis in endothelial and tumor cell cultures. Exp Mol Med 2000 32 88-92. 

Mycoplasma cells may fuse with the cells of eukaryotic hosts M. fermentans fused CD4 Molt, and CD4 12E lymphocytes in vitro without visible cytotoxicity [69]. Mycoplasma contamination of human tumor cell cultures is frequent with mycoplasma cells attached to tumor cells [70a, b, 71]. However, M. fermentans, or M. penetrans in embryonic mouse cell cultures activated the rc-related vav proto-oncogene, and induced malignant transformation src, Rous sarcoma vav, sixth letter of the Hebrew alphabet standing for linkage or connection) [72] recently reviewed in [73]. 

In addition to the shape and distribution, it has been found that the tumor cells cultured in in vitro 3D scaffolds were more functionally active after transplanted back to in vivo environment [6]. The reason why 2D and 3D culturing are with so many differences is that 2D cell culturing usually results in the oversimplification of the extracellular matrix (ECM). ECM properties of in vitro and in vivo... 

Meltzer, M. S., Stevenson, M. M., and Leonard, E. J. (1977) Characterization of macrophage chemotaxins in tumor cell cultures and comparison with lymphocyte-derived chemotactic factors. Cancer Res. 37, 721-725. 

Fig. IB. The effect of SAB on the repair kinetics of potentially lethal damage in normal human fibroblasts, Ewing s sarcoma, and human lung adenocarcinoma. No inhibitor (open circles) 8SAB (closed circles). Data points are means 1 standard deviation. Both normal fibroblast and human tumor cell cultures were grown and maintained in Eagle s MEM supplemented with 10% (VA ) fetal bovine serum, streptomycin and penicillin, at S7°C in a humidified chamber of 95% air and 5% CO2. Stock cultures in exponential growth were detached by trypsinization and appropriate cell numbers plated in 25 cm flasks and incubated to permit cell attachment. Inhibitors of poly(ADP-ribose) synthetase (SAB or BZ) were added to the appropriate cultures 2 hr prior to irradiation in air at room temperature. Following irradiation, the cells were exposed to the inhibitors for 24 hr, washed, and replenished with fresh medium. Refeeding was performed every S days and after 10-14 days, cells were fixed and the colonies stained with Giemsa. Only colonies of 50 cells or more were scored as survivors. All experiments were performed in triplicate and the survival data expressed as the mean S.E. of three separate survival experiments.

Cell cycle analysis of Lewis lung tumor cells cultured with pyran activated macrophages (Table VI) shows a shift in the cellular population with time from G2M >S->-G. Thus, the population is shifting from states of mitotic activity to less active, senescent states with Increased time of incubation with activated macrophages. If the tumor cells are not dividing it is unlikely that they can do very much harm. Control studies indicate that normal or thioglycollate elicited macrophages to not cause this shift in tumor cell activity. 

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