Tropical Pacific

Northeastern Tropical Pacific approximately 5—20° North latitude, 110—155° West longitude (25,26) ia the Central Indian Ocean south of India approximately 5—10° South latitude, 75—88° East longitude (27) ia the EEZ of the Cook Islands ia the South Pacific approximately 15—25° South latitude, 155—165° West longitude (28) and the Blake Plateau off the Adantic coast of the United States approximately 30—35° North latitude, 65—80° West longitude (29). 

On the structure and evolution of ENSO-related climate variability in the tropical Pacific Lessons from TOGA. /. Geophys. Res. 102, 14,241-14,259. 

Fig. 18-1 Benthic foraminiferal oxygen isotope record from 3477 m water depth in the eastern tropical Pacific ocean from Ocean Drilling Program site 677 (Shackleton et al, 1990). ratios are expressed in the S...

Dolphin, Stenella attenuata eastern tropical Pacific Ocean ... 

Chen, G., Davis, D., Crawford, J., Heikes, B., O Sullivan, D., Lee, M., Eisele, F., Mauldin, L., Tanner, D., Collins, J., Barrick, J., Anderson, B., Blake, D., Bradshaw, J., Sandholm, S., Carroll, M., Albercook, G., and Clarke, A. An assessment of HOx chemistry in the tropical Pacific boundary layer Comparison of model simulations with observations recorded during PEM tropics A, J. Atmos. Chem., 38,317-344,2001. 

Paul VJ, Van Alstyne KL (1988) Chemical defense and chemical variation in some tropical Pacific species oiHalimeda (Halimedaceae Chlorophyta). Coral Reefs 6 263-269... 

Van Alstyne KL, Schupp P, Slattery M (2006b) The distribution of dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP) in tropical Pacific coral reef invertebrates. Coral Reefs 25 321-327 Van Alstyne KL, Wolfe GV, Freidenburg TL, Neill A, Hicken C (2001b) Activated defense systems in marine macroalgae evidence for an ecological role for DMSP cleavage. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 213 53-65... 

Muella-Dombois, D. (1999) Biodivasity and environmental gradients across the tropical Pacific islands a new strategy for research and conservation. Naturwissenschaften, 86, 253-61. 

Singh, H. B., G. L. Gregory, A. Anderson, E. Browell, G. W. Sachse, D. D. Davis, J. Crawford, J. D. Bradshaw, R. Talbot, D. R. Blake, D. Thornton, R. Newell, and J. Merrill, Low Ozone in the Marine Boundary Layer of the Tropical Pacific Ocean Photochemical Loss, Chlorine Atoms, and Entrainment, . /. Geophys. Res., 101, 1907-1917 (1996a). 

Wang, C P. J. Crutzen, V. Ramanathan, and S. F. Williams, The Role of a Deep Convective Storm over the Tropical Pacific Ocean in the Redistribution of Atmospheric Chemical Species, J. Geophys. Res., 100, 11509-11516 (1995). 

These trends vary, depending on location. For example, the diurnal temperature range did not decrease over mid-Canada or parts of southwest Asia, southern Africa, the interior of Australia, the western tropical Pacific Islands, and Europe (Easterling et al., 1997). Similarly, in some European mountain locations both the minimum and maximum of daily temperatures have been observed to increase (Weber et al., 1994) while in India, the maximum increased but there was no trend in the minimum (Kumar et al., 1994). 

Jiang, Y., and Y. L. Yung, Concentrations of Tropospheric Ozone from 1979 to 1992 over Tropical Pacific South America from TOMS Data, Science, 272, 713 -716 (1996). 

Jensen PR, Gontang E, Mafnas C, Mincer TJ, Fenical W (2005) Culturable Marine Actinomycete Diversity from Tropical Pacific Ocean Sediments. Environ Microbiol 7 1039... 

Climate researchers Palutikof and Holt (2004) say that droughts appear to be linked to the formation of blocking zones of intense high pressure over the Atlantic Ocean that divert rain-bearing wind depressions away from the Mediterranean. This blocking may be related to the cycles of El Nino, the periodic reversal of winds and waves in the tropical Pacific Ocean. Due to the effects of toxic gases, it is assumed that year-round average temperature in southern Europe will reach 18°C by the year 2030 and rainfall will diminish by 19% to 20%. 

Consideration of the impact of low-frequency fluctuations of climate on Caspian Sea level showed that the long-term variability of the level is connected mainly with SST anomalies in the eastern part of the tropical Pacific Ocean. It turns out that positive SST anomalies correlate with the growing rain rate in the Volga River watershed basin and vice versa. The main reason for variations in Caspian Sea level is the long-term dynamics of El Nino events, which should be considered as chaotic. 

TAO/TRITON Buoys anchored in the tropical Pacific with instruments to measure the characteristics of the atmosphere and ocean. 

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