El Nino-Southern Oscillation

Periodic climatic events such as the El Nino/Southern Oscillation events produce detectable changes in both vegetation dynamics and in atmospheric CO2 concentration 37, 88). Evidence from ratios in atmospheric CO2... 

In addition, there is an obseived correlation between total column ozone and the El Nino Southern Oscillation (ENSO) in the tropical troposphere, with decreases in total ozone in middle and sometimes polar latitudes following the ENSO by several months the period associated with the ENSO is 43 months (Zerefos et al., 1992). While the association between the ENSO and ozone is not well understood, it has been proposed that the warming of the troposphere in the tropics over the Pacific Ocean causes increases in the upper troposphere air temperatures and tropopause height and an upwelling in the lower stratosphere. If sufficiently large, this could have more widespread impact than just in the tropics (e.g., see Zerefos et al., 1992 and Kalicharran et al., 1993). 

Zerefos, C. S., A. F. Bais, I. C. Ziomas, and R. D. Bojkov, On the Relative Importance of Quasi-Biennial Oscillation and El Nino/Southern Oscillation in the Revised Dobson Total Ozone Records, J. Geophys. Res., 97, 10135-10144 (1992). 

Enfield, D. B., and D. A. Mayer, Tropical Atlantic Sea Surface Temperature Variability and Its Relation to El Nino-Southern Oscillation, J. Geophys. Res., 102, 929-945 (1997). 

El Nino/Southern Oscillation (in view of a wide range of frequencies this event cannot be considered quasi-periodic). 

Ropelewski, C., and M. Halpert. 1987. "Global and regional scale precipitation patterns associated with the El Nino-Southern Oscillation." Monthly Weather Review 115 1606-1626. 

The Effect of the El Nino - Southern Oscillation on Atmospheric Carbon... 

Butler, J. H., Elkins, J. W., and Thompson, T. M. (1989). Tropospheric and dissolved N2O of the west Pacific and east Indian Oceans during the El Nino Southern Oscillation event of 1987. J. Geophys. Res. 94, 14865-14877. 

Cortege T., Delcroix T., Recy J., Beck W., Cabioch G., and Le Cornec F. (2000) Evidence for stronger El Nino-southern oscillation (ENSO) events in a Mid-Holocene massive coral. Paleoceanography 15(4), 465-470. 

Niebauer, H. J., 1988. Effects of El Nino-southern oscillation and North Pacific weather patterns on interannual variability in the subarctic Bering Sea. Journal of Geophysical Research, 93, 5051-5068. 

Philander, S. G. H., 1983. El Nino southern oscillation phenomena. Nature, 302, 295-301. 

DVM, diel vertical migration E, downwelling irradiance EEMS, excitation-emission matrix spectra ENSO, El Nino-Southern Oscillation ph, euphotic zone (1% of surface PAR)... 

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