Trophic relationships

McNicol, D.K. Bendell, B.E. and Ross, R.K. Studies of the effects of acidification on aquatic wildlife in Canada Waterfowl and Trophic Relationships in Small Lakes in Northern Ontario, Occasional Paper No. 62, Canadian Wildlife Service, Environment Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, 1987, pp 76. 

Boettcher AA, Targett NM (1993) Role of polyphenolic molecular size in reduction of assimilation efficiency in Xiphister mucosus. Ecology 74 891-903 Brand TE (1976) Trophic relationships of selected benthic marine invertebrates and foraminifera in Antarctica. Antarctic J US 11 24-26... 

Energy-flow circuits Food chains (trophic relationships)... 

The complexity and mutual dependence of all the processes in the ocean substantially hinder discovery of the laws of formation of phytoplankton spots and establishing correlations between the various factors that regulate trophic relationship intensity in ocean ecosystems. For instance, many studies revealed a close relationship between primary production and phytoplankton amount. At the same time, this relationship breaks down depending on the combination of synoptic situation and insolation. It turns out that the extent of this breakdown depends much on the combination of groups of phytoplankton (Legendre and Legendre, 1998). 

An efficient way of studying the vertical structure of ocean ecosystems is to numerically model them based on measurements of their characteristics (Kuck et al., 2000). To derive the model, it is necessary to know the structure of the trophic relationships in ecosystems, specific features of hydrological conditions, and information about other characteristics of the environment. Experience in such modeling has pointed up a possibility for efficient prediction of the dynamics of World Ocean communities. Examples of such models include a 3-D model of the ecosystem of the Peruvian current (Krapivin, 1996), of the Okhotsk Sea (Aota et al., 1993), and others. In all these models the main task was parameterizing a unit for the vertical structure of the ecosystem. 

Boyle, P.R., Prey handling and salivary secretions in octopi, in Trophic Relationships in the Marine Environment, Barnes, M. and Gibson, R.N., Eds., Proceedings of the 24th European Marine Biology Symposium, Aberdeen University Press, Aberdeen, 1990, 541. 

Hay, M. E., Calcified seaweeds on coral reefs complex defenses, trophic relationships, and value as habitats, Proc. 8th Int. Coral Reef Sym., 1, 713, 1997. 

Decho, A.W., and Lopez, GR. (1993) Exopolymer microenvironments of microbial flora multiple and interactive effects on trophic relationships. Limnol. Oceanogr. 38, 1633-1645. 

Mutchler, T., Sullivan, M.J., and Fry, B. (2004) Potential of 15N isotope enrichment to resolve ambiguities in coastal trophic relationships. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 266, 27-33. 

Van Wambeke F (1994) Influence of phytoplankton lysis or grazing on bacterial metabolism and trophic relationships. Microb Ecol 27 143-158 Veldhuis MJW, Brussaard CPD, Noordeloos AAM (2005) Living in a Phaeocystis colony a way to be a successful algal species. Harmful Algae 4 841-858 Verity PG, Medlin LK (2003) Observations on colony formation by the cosmopolitan phytoplankton genus Phaeocystis. J Mar Syst 43 153-164 Weinbauer MG (2004) Ecology of prokaryotic viruses. FEMS Microbiol Rev 28 127-181... 

Kennes, C, Veiga, M.C., Dubourguier, H.C., Touzel, J.P., Albagnac, G., Naveau, H., Nyns, E.J. (1991). Trophic relationships between Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Lactobacillus plantarum and their metabolism of glucose and citrate. Appl. Environ. Microbiol, 57, 1046-51. 

Going beyond comparisons of element abundances in various green plants (and possibly, or to some part, also in other organisms, trying to understand food web-based transport of elements possibly and actually controlling essentiahty patterns in either participant of a trophic relationship), which may or may not be related to similarities in biochemical pathways, there are also more fundamental (and thus general) principles from chemical physics which likewise apply to... 

Pinckney, J., Carman, K. R., Lumsden, E., and Hymel, S. N. (2003). Microalgal—meiofaimal trophic relationships in muddy intertidal estuarine sediments. Aquat. Microb. Ecol. 31, 99—108. 

McClelland, J. W., and Montoya, J. P. (2002). Trophic relationships and the nitrogen isotopic composition of amino acids. Ecology 83, 2173—2180. 

In Chapter 1 it was noted that the most common pathway for photosynthesis, the C3 path (Box 1.10), results in a comparatively low value for the 13C 12C ratio of the fixed carbon (conventionally represented by the 513C notation Box 1.3). This preference for light isotopes is a characteristic of life processes, and the extent of the depletion of the heavier isotope (or isotopic fractionation see Boxes 1.3 and 5.11) in sedimentary organic matter can provide clues about the source organisms, their trophic relationships and the environments in which they lived. However, simply consider-... 

Werne J.P., Baas M., Sinninghe Damste J.S. (2002) Molecular isotopic tracing of carbon flow and trophic relationships in a methane-supported benthic microbial community. Limnol. Oceanogr. 47, 1694—701. 

Berland, B.R. etal. (1987) Summer phytoplankton in the Levant Sea, biomass and limiting factors, in Production and trophic relationships within marine ecosystems. Proc. Symp. Actes Colloq. Ifremer, 5, 61-83. 

Falk-Petersen, S., Hagen, S., Kattner, G., Clarke, A. and Sargent, J.R. (2000a) Lipids, trophic relationships and biodiversity in Arctic and Antarctic Krill. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 57, 178-191. 

Falk-Petersen, S., Sargent, J.R. and Hopkins, C.C.E. (1990) Trophic relationships in die pelagic arctic food web, in Trophic Relationships in the Marine Environment (eds M. Barnes and R.N. Gibson), Scotland University Press, Aberdeen, pp. 315—333. 

Although a number of studies have been devoted to the purely trophic relationship between phytoplankton and zooplankton, there are few data to be found concerning the behaviour of, and competition between, these two groups through free chemical substances. 

Discuss, in terms of energy yields of the appropriate reactions, the importance of the syn-trophic relationship between acetogens and methanogens, specifically the interspecies hydrogen transfer. If, in the absence of other electron acceptors, methanogenesis is inhibited, what impact would this have on the carbon cycle ... 

While chemometrics have been successfully applied to marine food web compartments ranging from dissolved matter to seals an important next step is to use multivariate analyses of biomarkers to objectively define and then quantify trophic relationships in marine ecosystems. 

Isaacs JD (1973) Unstructured marine food webs and pollutant analogues. Fish Bull 70 1053-1059 Jara-Marini ME, Soto-Jimenez MF, Pdez-Osuna F (2009) Trophic relationships and transference of cadmium, copper, lead and zinc in a subtropical coastal lagoon food web from SE Gulf of California. Chemosphere 77 1366-1373... 

In a study of an isopod Armadillidium vulgare) in California, Paris and Sikora (196S) tagged the forbs, Vida sativa, Silybum mariammy and Picris echioides, each in separate plots, with H3 P04 in leaf axils with a capillary pipette. Periodic samples of plants and isopods were collected and analy for radioactivity with a GM detector. The investigators concluded that it was feasible to use radiotracers in a study of trophic relationships in these cryptozoans. 

Hobson, K. A, W. G. Ambrose Jr. and P. E. Renaud. 1995. Sources of primaiy production, benthic-pelagic coupling, and trophic relationships within the northeast Water Polynya insights from 513C and 515N analysis. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 128 1-10. 

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