Nitrogen isotopic composition

Hare, P. E. and Estep, M. L. F. (1983) Carbon and nitrogen isotopic composition of amino acids in modern and fossil collagens. Carnegie Institution Washington Yearbook 82, 410 414. 

Now, GC-IRMS can be used to measure the nitrogen isotopic composition of individual compounds [657]. Measurement of nitrogen isotope ratios was described by Merritt and Hayes [639], who modified a GC-C-IRMS system by including a reduction reactor (Cu wire) between the combustion furnace and the IRMS, for reduction of nitrogen oxides and removal of oxygen. Preston and Slater [658] have described a less complex approach which provides useful data at lower precision. Similar approaches have been described by Brand et al. [657] and Metges et al. [659]. More recently Macko et al. [660] have described a procedure, which permits GC-IRMS determination of 15N/14N ratios in nanomole quantities of amino acid enantiomers with precision of 0.3-0.4%o. A key step was optimization of the acylation step with minimal nitrogen isotope fractionation [660]. 

Bebout GE, Fogel ML (1992) Nitrogen isotope compositions of metasedimentary rocks in the Catalina Schist, California implications for metamorphic devolatihzation history. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 56 2839-2849... 

Alison S. Bateman, Simon D. Kelly, and Mark Woolfe. Nitrogen Isotope Composition of Organically and Conventionally Grown Crops Journal of Agric. Food Chemistry, 55 (7), 2664-2670, 2007. 

Kendall, C., S. R. Silva, and V. J. Kelly. 2001. Carbon and nitrogen isotopic compositions of particulate organic matter in four large river systems across the United States. Hydro-... 

Benner, R., B. Biddanda, B. Black, and M. McCarthy. 1997. Abundance, distribution, and stable carbon and nitrogen isotopic compositions of marine organic matter isolated by tangential-flow ultrafiltration. Marine Chemistry 57 243—263. 

Bidigare, R.R., Kennicutt II M.C., and Keeney-Kennicutt, W.L. (1991) Isolation and purification of chlorophylls a and b for the determination of stable carbon and nitrogen isotope compositions. Anal. Chem. 63, 130-133. 

Cloern, J.E., Canuel, E.A., and Harris, D. (2002) Stable carbon and nitrogen isotopic composition of aquatic and terrestrial plants in the San Francisco Bay estuarine system. Limnol. Oceanogr. 47, 713-729. 

Sigman, D.M., Altabet, M.A., Michener, R., McCorkle, D.C., Fry, B., and Holmes, R.M. (1997) Natural abundance-level measurement of the nitrogen isotopic composition of oceanic nitrate An adaptation of the ammonia diffusion method. Mar. Chem. 57, 227-242. 

Figure 2.6 Carbon- and nitrogen-isotopic compositions of presolar SiC grains. Predictions from stellar models are shown for comparison. Solar metallicity AGB star models Nollett et al. (2003), Type II SN Rauscher et al. (2002), novae Jose et al. (2004). For data sources see Lodders Amari (2005) Zinner (2007). Note that for the solar 14N/15N ratio the value inferred for Jupiter s atmosphere is shown.

Altabet, M. A. (1988). Variations in nitrogen isotopic composition between sinking and suspended particles Imphcations for nitrogen cycling and particle transformation in the open ocean. Deep Sea Res. 35, 535-554. 

Kienast, M. (2000). Unchanged nitrogen isotopic composition of organic matter in the South China Sea during the last climatic cycle Global implications. Paleoceanography. 15(2), 244—253. 

Unger, D., Schafer, P., Ittekkot, V., and Gaye, B. (2006). Nitrogen isotopic composition of sinking particles from the southern Bay of Bengal Evidence for variable nitrogen sources. Deep-Sea Res. I 53, 1658-1676. 

Figure l6.l6 Time series of particulate nitrogen (PN) export and isotopic composition determined from 150-m floating sediment trap collections at Station ALOHA. (Top) PN flux (pmol N m d ). Error bars represent SE of three to six individual trap measurements. (Bottom) Stable nitrogen isotopic composition (c5 N) of trap-collected material (%o vs. air N2). Error bars, where shown, represent SE of two to three individual trap measurements. Dotted lines represent the isotopic compositions of exported PN expected when supported entirely hy nitrate (6.5°/oo) or entirely by dinitrogen gas (0 %o). The solid line indicates a decreasing trend determined hy linear regression. The trend break at the end of 2002 remains to he explained. Updated and revised from Dore et al. (2002). 

McClelland, J. W., and Montoya, J. P. (2002). Trophic relationships and the nitrogen isotopic composition of amino acids. Ecology 83, 2173—2180. 

Tanaka, T., and Saino, T. (2002). Modified method for the analysis of nitrogen isotopic composition of oceanic nitrate at low concentration. Oceanogr. 58, 539—546. 

Nakanishi, T., and Minagawa, M. (2003). Stable carbon and nitrogen isotopic compositions of sinking particles in the northeast Japan Sea. Geochem. J. 37(2), 261-275. 

Winckler, G., Anderson, R. P., Heisher, M. Q., McGee, D., and Mahowald, N. (2008). Covariant Glacial-Interglacial Dust Fluxes in the Equatorial Pacific and Antarctica, Science, 320(93), 93—96. Wu, J. P., Calvert, S. E., Wong, C. S., and Whitney, F. A. (1999). Carbon and nitrogen isotopic composition of sedimenting particulate material at Station Papa in the subarctic northeast Pacific. Deep-Sea Res. Part II Top. Stud. Oceanogr. 46(11-12), 2793—2832. 

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