Trimethylolpropane TMP

Trimethylolpropane is a trifunctional monomer that can provide a unique crosslink density when used as a chain extender and curative with cast polyurethane systems. Usually, TMP (a triol) is used in combination with diols for curing MDHermi-nated prepolymers. Also, TMP is sometimes used to cure TDI ester prepolymers for low-hardness applications such as printing rolls. 

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Trimethylolpropane (TMP), the reduced crossed aldol condensation product of //-butyraldehyde and formaldehyde, competes in many of the same markets as glycerol (qv) and pentaerythritol. The largest market for TMP is as a precursor in unsaturated polyester resins, short-oil alkyds, and urethanes for surface coatings (see Alkyd resins). 

Q 2(S 2 trimethylolpropane (TMP) (2-ethyl-2-(hydroxymethyl)-l,3-propanediol) [77-99-6] more hydrolytically stable than esters of... 

Part 28 Determination of 1,1,1-trimethylolpropane (TMP) in food simulants Aqueous food simulants are saturated with potassium carbonate and extracted with ethanol/ethyl acetate. After evaporation of solvent the extracted TMP is silyated with trimethylsilylimidazole in pyridine and determined by GC with flame ionisation detection... 

GAP is synthesized by replacing C-Cl bonds of polyepichlorohydrin with C-N3 bonds.The three nitrogen atoms of the N3 moiety are attached linearly with ionic and covalent bonds in every GAP monomer unit, as shown in Fig. 4.6. The bond energy of N3 is reported to be 378 kj mol per azide group. Since GAP is a liquid at room temperature, it is polymerized by allowing the terminal -OH groups to react with hexamethylene diisocyanate (HMDl) so as to formulate GAP copolymer, as shown in Fig. 4.7, and crosslinked with trimethylolpropane (TMP) as shown in Fig. 4.8. The physicochemical properhes of GAP prepolymer and GAP copolymer are shown in Table 4.4 and Table 4.5, respectively.I ]... 

Since BAMO polymer is a solid at room temperature, BAMO monomer is copolymerized with tetrahydrofuran (THF) in order to formulate a liquid BAMO copolymer that is used as a binder in propellants and explosives, as shown in Fig. 4.9. The terminal OH groups of the BAMO-THF copolymer are cured by reaction with the NCO groups of hexamethylene diisocyanate (HMDl) and then cross-linking is carried out with trimethylolpropane (TMP). The physical properties of such a copolymer with a BAMO/THF composition of 60/40 mol% are shown in Table 4.7.1151... 

A typical super-rate burning of an HMX-GAP composite propellant is shown in Fig. 7.43. The lead catalyst is a mixture of lead citrate (LC PbCi), Pb3(C5H50y)2-x H20, and carbon black (CB). The composition of the catalyzed HMX-GAP propellant in terms of mass fractions is as follows gap(0.194), hmx(0-780), lg(0 020), and, q 0.00G). GAP is cured with 12.0% hexamethylene diisocyanate (HMDI) and then crossUnked with 3.2 % trimethylolpropane (TMP) to... 

Typical gas-generating pyrolants include (1) AP pyrolant composed of AP, ap(0.50), and HTPB, htpb(0-50), which is cured with isophorone diisocy-anate(lPDl) (2) NP pyrolant composed of NC, nc(0-70) and NG, ng(0-30), which is plasticized with diethyl phthalate (DEP) and (3) GAP pyrolant composed of gly-cidyl azide copolymer, qap(0-85), which is cured with hexamethylene diisocy-anate(HMDl) and cross-linked with trimethylolpropane (TMP). 

Another approach to achieving an effective colour suppression in polymers containing tocopherol is through the use of small concentrations of non-phosphorous-containing compounds, such as polyhydric alcohols [33]. The effect of polyhydric alcohols on colour reduction shows that increasing the concentration of alcohols (e.g. trimethylolpropane, TMP) in the antioxidant combination leads to greater reduction in colour, concomitant with... 

Fig. 12 b Preparation of chiral molecular nanocapsules 15 and 16 with Bis(2,3-di-hydroxypropyl)-10-undecenylamine and trimethylolpropane (TMP), Respectively, and a schematic encapsulation of sulfonated platinum pincer complexes of type 3 in the hydrophilic compartment of the nanocapsules... 

In this context, the chiral hyperbranched polyglycerols (-)-PG [Mn = 3000, with bis(2,3-dihydroxypropyl)undecenylamine as the initiator] and (+)-PG [Mn = 5500, with trimethylolpropane (TMP) as the initiator] were used. Esterification of the hydroxyl groups of these hyperbranched polyglycerols with hydrophobic alkyl chains as palmitoyl chloride, yielded amphiphilic molecular nanocapsules with reverse micelle-type architecture, in which approximately 50% of the hydroxyl groups were functionalized with palmitoyl chains [96-98]. These materials exhibit low polydispersity (Mw/Mn < 2), and the amphiphilic molecular nanocapsules are soluble in nonpolar solvents and irreversibly encapsulate various polar, water-soluble dye molecules in their hydrophilic interior by liquid-liquid extraction [96,98]. 

Materials. The polyurethane precursor materials were Adiprene L-lOO (Uniroyal, Inc.), a poly(oxytetramethylene glycol) capped with toluene diisocyanate, eq. mol. wt. 1030 1,4-butanediol (BD) and 1,1,1-trimethylolpropane (TMP) and, as catalyst, dibutyltin dilaurate (DBTDL). Acrylic precursors included n-butyl methacrylate (BMA), washed with 10% aq. NaOH to remove inhibitor tetramethylene glycol dimethacrylate (TMGDM) crosslinker and benzoin sec-butyl ether (BBE) as a photosensitizer. These materials were dried appropriately but not otherwise purified. 

The product is called l,l,l—Trimethylolpropane (TMP) and is used mainly in the manufacture of triols by adduction with propylene oxide (PO), for flexible polyurethane foams and of synthetic lubricants by esterification with fatty acids. The allyl ethers of trimethylolpropane are used as crosslinking agents, for example, in acrylic resin systems. The world-wide capacity for TMP production is in an increasing trend. 

In another study by Kulshresta et al. [62], Novozym 435-catalyzed terpolymeri-zations of trimethylolpropane (TMP), 1,8-octanediol, and adipic acid were performed in bulk, at 70°C, for 42h, under vacuum (40 to 60mmHg). Variation of... 

The most important low molecular weight polyols used as starters for polyether polyols destined for rigid PU foams synthesis are glycerol, trimethylolpropane (TMP), triethanolamine, pentaerythritol, dipentaerythritol, a-methyl glucoside, xylitol, sorbitol and sucrose [1-27]. The main properties of these starter polyols, which are of interest for polyurethane chemistry, are presented in Table 13.1. 

The first polyols used for rigid polyurethane (PU) foams were low molecular weight polyesters based on adipic acid, phthalic anhydride (PA) and various glycols or polyols. One example of a polyester of this type is the polycondensation product between adipic acid (AA), PA and trimethylolpropane (TMP) [1-3]. 

In a study by Carpenter and co-workers, two types of copolyesters were made to determine the effect of a basic central group on the properties of the polymer.il Accordingly, triethanolamine (TEA) and trimethylolpropane (TMP) were used to prepare the polyaxial initiator with central amine and carbon atoms, respectively, using trimethylene carbonate (TMC) and capro-lactone (CL) as comonomers. 

Materials, The raw materials used are described in Table 5.5. Poly(caprolactone) glycol with average molecular weight of 1978 (Niax D560), 1,4-butanediol (1,4-BD), and trimethylolpropane (TMP) were dried at 60 C for 5 hr under a vacuum of 2 mm. Methyl methacrylate (MMA) was washed with 5% aqueous potassium hydroxide solution, followed by washing with distilled water, dried over Linde 4A molecular sieves, and distilled at 40°C under a vacuum of 2 mm to remove the stabilizer. Trimethylolpropane trimethacrylate (TMPTMA) was also distilled at 40 C under 2 mm vacuum. 4,4 -Diphenylmethane diisocyanate (MDI) and benzoyl peroxide were used without further purification. 

He Y, Zhang X, Zhang X, Huang H, Chang J, Chen H. Structural investigations of toluene diisocyanate (TDI) and trimethylolpropane (TMP)-based polynrethane prepolymer. J Ind Eng Chem 2012 18(5) 1620-7. 

The most common polyols used to produce S5mthetic polyol ester base stocks are pentaerythritol (PE), trimethylolpropane (TMP) and neopentylglycol (NPG), (Figure 6). By carefully choosing the degree of branching and size of the acid functions, polyol esters with excellent viscometric properties - high VI and very low pour points - can be produced (Table 6). 

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