Phosphorous-containing

Titanium Phosphorous Containing Chelates. The reaction of a mixture of mono (alkyl) diacid orthophosphate, di(alkyl)monoacid orthophosphate, and TiCl in a high boiling hydrocarbon solvent such as heptane, with nitrogen-assisted evolution of Hberated HCl, gives a mixture of titanium tetra(mixed alkylphosphate)esters, (H0)(R0)0=P0) Ti(0P=0(0R)2)4 in heptane solution (100). A similar mixture can be prepared by the addition of two moles of P2O5 to mole of TiCl in the presence of six moles of alcohol ... 

Pd-catalyzed nucleophilic allylic substitutions perform efficiently in an enan-tioselective way by using chiral phosphorous-containing ligands. Due to their high stability and convenient handling, M-containing ligands have recently... 

A. L. Reid and H. A. Grichuk. Polymer composition comprising phosphorous-containing gelling agent and process thereof. Patent US 5034139, 1991. 

From the list of most popular NMR nuclei ( H, 13C, 19F and 31P), it is obvious that NMR of dissolved polymer/additive matrices also holds promise for direct analysis of phosphorous-containing additives. This was... 

Figure 9.3 Chemical stmctures for the phosphorous-containing secondary antioxidants Naugard 524 (A) tris(nonylphenyl)phos-phite (B) and Irgafos P-EPQ (C). After Brandolini et al. [49]. Reprinted from Spectroscopy, 7(3), AJ. Brandolini et al., 34-39, Copyright (1992), with permission from IOS Press...

Stamps printed with phosphor-containing inks... 

The activity of Ti catalysts in SSP depends on the kind of stabilizer fed into the reactor. In the production of PET, phosphorous-containing chemicals are commonly added as stabilizers. These products improve the thermal stability, particularly in processing, which results in reduced degradation and discoloration and are therefore of importance with respect to quality. Such materials are added during the production of the prepolymer. These stabilizers are mainly based on phosphoric or phosphonic (phosphorous) acids or their esters. 

Despite the success with gel-phase NMR spectroscopy the spectra obtained are of limited value because of the broad peaks, and indeed the NMR spectra of unlabelled samples need relatively long acquisition times (because of the low abundance of C) especially with lightly loaded resins such as TentaGel and Argo-Gel. NMR [206, 207] and NMR [208, 209] spectroscopy of gel beads have also been shown to be a convenient NMR technique for monitoring reactions of fluorine or phosphorous-containing molecules, respectively, attached to solvent-swollen polymer supports. 

Figure 6.4 Cluster ions in phosphoric-containing eluent.

Several phosphines, such as 2,4,4-trimethylpentylphosphine and phenylphosphine, give similarly the corresponding polymers. Several phosphorous-containing polyanilines are also prepared in a similar manner by the palladium-catalyzed polycondensation reaction. 

BMIs and maleimide-terminated prepolymers have been considered for systems with improved Fire, Smoke and Toxicity properties. Of particular interest are phosphorous-containing bismaleimides because they provide high Limiting Oxigen Index (LOI) values (30). 3,3 -bis(maleimidophenyl) methyl phosphine oxide is such a compound (Fig. 7). 

Parker et al. (30) reported the synthesis of phosphorous containing bismaleimides and demonstrated their outstanding non-flammability characteristics. Graphite fabric composites prepared from such P-containing BMI as a matrix resin show a LOI of 100 and an anaerobic char yield of 88% at 700 °C. Other P-containing BMI have recently been synthesized (31) for example, bis(3-maleimidophenoxy-4-phenyl)phenyl phosphine oxide (Figure 8) has been tested as a composite matrix resin with the aim of improving the fibre/resin interfacial adhesion. 

Lee,K, Yamashita, S., Araki,T., Tani,H. Stereospecific polymerization of acetaldehyde by phosphorous-containing organoaluminums (in preparation). 

Phosphorylation. Attempts to phosphorylate asphaltenes with phosphoric acid, phosphorous trichloride, or phosphorous oxychloride were partially successful insofar as it is possible to introduce up to 3% w/w phosphorous into the asphaltenes (14). However, application of these same reagents to oxidized asphaltenes increases the phosporous quite markedly to 10% w/w in the products (14). Subsequent reaction of the phosphorous-containing products is necessary to counteract the acidity of the phosphorous moieties. 

Small amounts of phosphorous can be used to vulcanize polymeric sulfur. Larger amounts yield the P4S4 bird-cage molecules mentioned in Section 6.2 on Other Phosphorous-Containing Polymers in Chapter 6, together with phosphorous-sulfur copolymers. The copolymers are hydrolytically unstable.56... 

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