Triglycerides derivation

This is a hydrogenated mixture of mono-, di-, and triglycerides derived from palm kernel oil. 

Starch and fatty acids are the main food constituents of biomass. Sugar is derived from starch by hydrolysis or directly by extraction from sugar cane or beet. Fermentation converts sugars into alcohol that can be directly used as fuel, or in principle can be used as the raw material of a bioreftnery plant for further upgrading. Triglycerides, derived from oil seeds, are used to be converted into biodiesel through transesterification processes (Fig. 1.14). 

Either native winterized or concentrated whole-body fish oils or fish liver oils have been utilized in most studies as dietary source of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). The physiological effects and possible health benefits of administered fish oils generally have been attributed to either EPA or DHA alone or to a synergistic effect between the two. As a result, there has been controversy over the contribution of individual fish oil constituents to particular pharmacological actions and the optimal dosages required for achieving established and/or suspected beneficial effects. The predominant marine triglyceride-derived m-3-fatty acids are all-cA-5,8,11,14,17-eicosapentaenoic acid (C20 5i3, EPA) and all-ci.v-4,7,10,13,16,19-docosa-hexaenoic acid (C22 6,3, DHA). 

FIGURE 6.6 A triglyceride derivative of chlorambucil, where the chlorambucil attached to the 2-position, and palmitic acid to positions 1 and 3 of the triglyceride. (From Stella, VJ. and Pochopin, N.L. Lymphatic Transport of Drugs, Charman, W.N. and Stella, V.J., Eds., CRC Press, Boca Raton, 1992, p. 181. With permission.)... 

Cocoa Butter Substitute occurs as a white, waxy solid that is predominantly a mixture of triglycerides derived primarily from palm, safflower, sunflower, or coconut oils. The resulting products may be used directly or with cocoa butter in all proportions for the preparation of coatings. In contrast to many edible oils and hard butters, Cocoa Butter Substitute has an abrupt melting range, changing from a rather firm, plastic solid below 32° to a liquid at about 33.8° to 35.5°. 

The necessity to switch from nonrenewable fossil resources to renewable raw materials, such as carbohydrates and triglycerides derived from biomass, was an important conclusion of the Report of the Club of Rome in 1972 [2]. It should be noted, however, that ca. 80% of the global production of oil is converted to thermal or electrical energy. If the world is facing an oil crisis it is, therefore, an energy crisis rather than a raw materials crisis for the chemical industry. Indeed, there are sufficient reserves of fossil feedstocks to satisfy the needs of the chemical industry for a long time to come. 

The water-insoluble solvents used in commercially available solubilized oral formulations include oleic acid, DL-a-tocopherol (Vitamin E), the long-chain triglycerides peanut oil, corn oil, soybean oil, sesame oil, olive oil, peppermint oil, and castor oil, the medium-chain triglycerides derived from coconut oil and palm seed oil, and the short-chain triglyceride triacetin. 

Patients with this autosomal recessive mutation are deficient in the lysosomal acid lipase that hydrolyzes cholesteryl esters and triglycerides derived from plasma lipoproteins [106]. This deficiency results in the accumulation of cholesteryl esters in the lysosomes of all body tissues [16,107]. Wolman syndrome patients usually do not survive the first year of life. 

What fraction of the glucose that is synthesized from triglyceride-derived glycerol occurs during early starvation ... 

I LEARNING CHECK 8.1 Write one structure (several possibilities exist) for a triglyceride derived from stearic acid, oleic acid, and palmitic add. 

Definition Mixture of mono, di and triglycerides derived from tallow Properties Nonionic... 

Definition Mixture of triglycerides derived from coconut oil, palm kernel oil, or both Properties V., waxy, odorless solid m.p. 33.8-35.5 C acid no. 0.5 max. iodine no. 3 max. sapon. no. 220-260... 

CAS 85536-08-9 EINECS/ELINCS 287-489-6 Synonyms Glycerides, com, mono-, dl-, and trl-Definition Mixture of mono, di, and triglycerides derived from com oil Uses Emulsifier in food, cosmetics Trade Name Synonyms Maisine [Gattefosse http //www.gattefosse.com] Gattefosse SA http //www.gattefosse.com]... 

Definition End prod, of controlled hydrogenation of a mixture of mono, di and triglycerides derived from soybean oil Properties Nonionic Uses Emollient, emulsifier, stabilizer, dispersant, opacifier for cosmetics, foods, and pharmaceuticals defoamer in food-contact paper/paperboard in food-contact textiles Regulatory FDA 21CFR 176.210, 177.2800 Trade Name Synonyms Monomuls 60-45 t[Griinau GmbU http //www.gruenau-illertissen. de/com/index. html]... 

Definition Mixt. of mono-, di-, and triglycerides derived from palm oil Uses Emollient, emulsifier, stabilizer, dispersant, opacifier in cosmetics, pharmaceuticals dispersant for clay systems sec. emulsifier and stabilizer for asphalt emulsions emulsifier, dispersant in foods Trade Name Synonyms Cremao CE-34 [Aarhus Oliefabrik MS http //www.aarhus.com]] Monomuls 60-30 t[Grunau GmbH http //WWW. gruenau-... 

Definition Mixture of mono, di and triglycerides derived from sunflower seed oil Properties Nonionic Uses Emollient, emulsifier, stabilizer, dispersant, opacifier for cosmetics emulsifier, stabilizer, dispersant, opacifier for foods, pharmaceuticals... 

Definition Mixt. of the mono, di, and triglycerides derived from tall oil... 

L. M. DeEspinosa, J. C. Ronda, M. Galia and V. Cadiz, A new enone-containing triglyceride derivative as precursor of thermosets from renewable resources , J Polym Sci Part A Polym Chem, 2008,46, 6843-50. 

Food industries are looking for alternative fats to cocoa butter (CB) from natural matrices that are denoted as cocoa butter replacers (CBRs), cocoa butter equivalents (CBEs) and cocoa butter substitutes (CBSs) fat [41 83], CBRs are defined as non-lauric fats that could replace cocoa butter either partially or completely in the chocolate or other food products. On the other hand, a cocoa butter equivalent (CBE) is a type of fat that has a very similar chemical composition, but its triglycerides derive from other source than cocoa beans, such as palm kernel oil, palm oil, mango seed fat, kokum butter, sal fat, shea butter, illipe butter, soya oil, rape seed oil, cotton oil, ground nut oil and coconut oil [43]. 

The photoperoxidation of high oleic sxmflower oil with singlet oxygen is an efficient reaction for the synthesis of functionalized triglyceride derivatives. In this reaction, high oleic sunflower oil and oxygen are the only reactants, which makes this transformation very attractive from an environmental point of view (74). 

Draw the structural formula of a triglyceride derived from one molecule each of palmitic acid, oleic acid, and stearic acid, the three most abundant fatty acids in the biological world. 

How many moles of H2 are used in the catalytic hydrogenation of 1 mole of a triglyceride derived from glycerol, stearic acid, linoleic acid, and arachi-donic acid ... 

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