Trichloroethylene physical properties

Trichloroethylene is a colourless non-flammable chlorinated hydrocarbon liquid. It is mainly used for degreasing of metals in the engineering and electrical appliance industries other outlets are as a solvent in inks, in dry-cleaning, in varnishes and adhesives, and as a solvent in the extraction of fats and oils. Relevant physical properties are given in Table 5.51. 

Typical chemical and physical properties of these fibers have been discussed (68). In slightly acidic or basic conditions at room temperature, acetate and triacetate fibers are very resistant to chlorine bleach at the concentrations normally encountered in laundering (68). Acetate and triacetate fibers are not affected by the dry-cleaning solutions normally used in the United States and Canada, but triacetate is softened by trichloroethylene (68). Delustering can be accomplished by hot soap solutions (72) so caution needs to be applied during cleaning of acetate fabrics. The immediate cause of delustering by hot soap solutions is the... 

Both cis- and tram-isomers were formed from 1-methylcyclohexene in trichloroethylene, as deduced from the complexity of the H-NMR spectrum of the isolated product (21 %)31. Different physical properties and stereochemistry were assigned to the adduct prepared from 1-phenylcyclohexene in the same conditions by different authors31,32, but the possibility that different dimers were isolated by homospecific and heterospecific dimerization should be considered, syn Addition was claimed in one of these reports, since the presumed cis adduct was converted to m-2-phenylcyclohexanamine by reduction with lithium aluminum hydride31. However, oxidation of the tram-adduct afforded the corresponding nitro derivative, whose dipole moment agreed with the value calculated for the tram-product32. 

The Stringfellow Superfund site in California poses analytical problems similar to those encountered with most waste sites across the United States and that may be best addressed via LC/MS based methods. Most of the organic compounds in aqueous leachates from this site cannot be characterized by GC/MS based methods. Analysis of Stringfellow bedrock groundwater shows that only 0.78% of the total dissolved organic materials are identifiable via purge and trap analysis (IQ). These are compounds such as acetone, trichloroethylene etc, whose physical properties are ideally suited for GC/MS separation and confirmation. Another 33% of the dissolved organic matter is characterized as "unknown", i.e., not extractable from the aqueous samples under any pH conditions and thus not analyzed via GC. Another 66% is 4-chlorobenzene sulfonic acid (PCBSA), an extremely polar and water soluble compound that is also not suitable for GC analysis. This compound, a waste product from DDT manufacture, is known to occur at this site because of the history of disposal of "sulfuric acid waste from industrial DDT synthesis. 

There are few works involved in the detection of aliphatic hydrocarbons, due to their very week interactions between the analytes and Pcs. Urbanczyk and coworkers employed SAW technique to detect trichloroethylene [15]. The acoustic waveguide was fabricated on the y-cut of the LiNb03 piezoelectric substrate. The changes in the physical properties of the CuPc layer placed on a piezoelectric crystal surface can be recorded as a change in differential frequency in a dual delay-line oscillator system, under the exposure of the vapors of the VOCs. The sensitivity is normally quoted as differential response, that is, Afp/ppm of gas, and the greatest sensitivity (approximately 0.1 Hz/ppm) was obtained for trichloroethylene. 

Consider the following example, with 100 ppm (by volume) trichloroethylene in air at 25°C being adsorbed into activated carbon (from coal) with a pore diameter of 1.34 nm. For this solvent, using physical property values in Appendix Al, M = 131.4 g/g-mole, no = 1.4770, and p = 1.4630 g/cc. The molecular weight of air is 28.97. 

These experts collectively have knowledge of trichloroethylene s physical and chemical properties, toxicokinetics, key health end points, mechanisms of action, human and animal exposure, and quantification of risk to humans. All reviewers were selected in conformity with the conditions for peer review specified in Section I04(i)(I3) of the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act, as amended. 

Trichloroethylene is also known as Triclene and Vitran and by other trade names in industry. It is a nonflammable, colorless liquid at room temperature with a somewhat sweet odor and a sweet, burning taste. Trichloroethylene is now mainly used as a solvent to remove grease from metal parts. It is also used as a solvent in other ways and is used to make other chemicals. Trichloroethylene can also be found in some household products, including typewriter correction fluid, paint removers, adhesives, and spot removers. Most people can begin to smell trichloroethylene in air when there are around 100 parts of trichloroethylene per million parts of air (ppm). Further information on the physical and chemical properties of trichloroethylene can be found in Chapter 3, and further information on its production and use can be found in Chapter 4. 

Important physical and chemical properties of trichloroethylene are listed in Table 3-2. 

Physical and Chemical Properties. The physical and chemical properties of trichloroethylene are well characterized (HSDB 1994 McNeill 1979 Windholz 1983) and allow prediction of the environmental fate of the compound. Estimates based on available constants are generally in good agreement with experimentally determined values. No additional studies are required at this time. 

One other approach that was considered was ranking chemicals by groups according to their physical and chemical properties. A number of properties were selected, for example, LD50, bioaccumulation, and persistence as the main criteria for toxicity to the environment and humans. Substances were then classified according to the range they fell within (Ministers Advisory Panel, 1995). This approach was used for the Canadian Environmental Protection Act (CEPA) assessments. For example, polychlorinated dibenzodioxins, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, inorganic cadmium compounds, benzidine, trichloroethylene, and a host of others were concluded to be toxic. Others, such as chlorobenzene, toluenes, xylenes, and dibutyl pthalate, were concluded to be nontoxic. Others, such as aniline, styrene, crankcase oils, and pentachlorobenzene, do not have sufficient information for classification. 

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