Toxicity decontamination

Skin Contact Don respiratory mask and gloves remove victim from source immediately and remove contaminated clothing decontaminate the skin immediately by flushing with a 5% solution of liquid household bleach wash off with soap and water after 3-4 min to remove decon agent and protect against erythema seek medical attention immediately to prevent systemic toxicity, decontamination should be done as late as 2 or 3 h after exposure even if it increases the severity of the local reaction further cleans with soap and water. 

Eyes Very high toxicity much greater through eyes than skin. Very low concentration of vapor causes pupil of eyes to constrict, resulting in difficulty in seeing in dim light. Skin Very toxic. Decontamination of smallest drop of liquid agent is essential. Liquid penetrates skin readily. 

Caution There is no antidote for nitrogen mustard toxicity decontamination of all potentially exposed areas within minutes after exposure is the only effective method to decrease tissue damage. Other than that, treatment is mainly supportive. 

Casualties/personnel Speed in decontamination is absolutely essential. Remove contaminated clothing immediately. Remove as much of the agent from the skin as fast as possible without spreading the material. Immediately wash skin with a bleach solution that is no less than one part household bleach in nine parts water. Rinse with copious amounts of water. To be effective, decontamination must be completed within one minute of exposure. However, to prevent systemic toxicity, decontamination... 

Physical decontamination of victims is the removal of hazardous substances from victims to prevent or reduce toxicity. Decontamination reduces the amoimt of toxic material to which the victim is exposed and also reduces the risk of secondary contamination (cross-contarnination) of rescuers and others at the scene or the hospital. 

TAetection of the highly potent impurity, 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) in the herbicide 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4,5-T), necessitated an environmental assessment of the impact of this contaminate. Information was rapidly needed on movement, persistence, and plant uptake to determine whether low concentrations reaching plants, soils, and water posed any threat to man and his environment. Because of the extreme toxicity of TCDD, utmost precautions were taken to reduce or minimize the risk of exposure to laboratory personnel. Synthesis of uniformly labeled C-TCDD by Muelder and Shadoff (I) greatly facilitated TCDD detection in soil and plant experiments. For unlabeled experiments it seemed wise to use only small quantities of diluted solutions in situations where decontamination was feasible and to rely on the sensitivity afforded by electron capture gas chromatography... 

Aldehydes, e.g. glutaraldehyde 2% (w/v), 30min at room temperature Reserved for non-corrosive treatment of delicate items Must be freshly activated Not recommended for surface decontamination due to vapour toxicity (see Table 10.5)... 

Therefore, decontaminated solution would contain toxic arsenic. 

It hydrolyses in acidic medium to form HC1 and nonvolatile (solid) chlorovinylarsenious oxide, which is a less potent vesicant than Lewisite L-2. Hydrolysis in alkaline medium, as in decontamination with alcoholic caustic or carbonate solution, produces acetylene and trisodium arsenate (Na3AS04). Therefore, decontaminated solution would contain toxic arsenic. 

Extremely toxic by skin and eye absorption. Liquid does not injure the skin or eye but penetrates rapidly. Immediate decontamination of the smallest drop is essential. 

Methods for Reducing Toxic Effects. Little information is available regarding reducing the toxic effects of diisopropyl methylphosphonate following exposure. Recommended treatments include general hygienic procedures for rapid decontamination. The ability of porous polymeric sorbents, activated carbon, and dialysis to remove diisopropyl methylphosphonate from human plasma has been studied. However, since diisopropyl methylphosphonate and its metabolites are not retained by the body, the need for methods to reduce body burden is uncertain. 

They may be incompatible with the hazardous substances being removed (i.e., a decontamination method may react with contaminants to produce an explosion, heat, or toxic products)... 

The view at Cadmium changed with time starting from a valuable resource and ending up as a toxic element with a limited number of applications not substituted by alternative products. The decontamination of the technosphere works to a certain extent. Due to the character of Cd as trace contamination of phosphate fertilizers and of Zn ores and fossil fuels, there is no final solution for the environmental contamination. Due to the restrictions issued in many countries, there is reason to fear that Cd could end up in unknown material streams. From an analysis of the refining of Zn ores in 2002, it has been concluded that about one quarter of Cd generated as by-product ( 7,000-8,000 Mg) could not be found either in the products analyzed or in the emissions from the process [27]. 

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