Decontamination of surfaces

Uses For decontamination of surfaces exposed to mustard gas or Lewisite. 

Decontamination of surfaces is also possible at glancing angles of laser beam incidence to surfaces of processed details (Fig. 2). 

Decontamination of surfaces at glancing angles of laser beam incidence... 

Company, M. and Karsa, D. (2007) Vehicle cleaning. In I. Johansson and P. Somasundaran (eds), Handbook for Cleaning/Decontamination of surface, Vol 2. Elsevier, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. 

Mixtures of polyethyleneglycols (and ethylene oxide-propylene oxide copolymers), a base and a peroxide (or other radical initiators) allow the preparation of several reagents which, suitably formulated according to their different use, are able to degrade the chemically stable chlorinated aromatics. Such a method, called CDP-Process, is active on TCDD and can be applied in different ways as an example, the reagent, when immobilized on a solid bed, allows the continuous-flow decontamination of mineral oils containing PCB this is useful for the decontamination of an electrical transformer during operation. Another reported example is the decontamination of surfaces contaminated by PCB or PCB fires (where PCDF and PCDD are also present). 

Although the reaction mechanism is not at the moment fully clarified, some points seem to be well established the radical character of the reaction and the contemporary need of an anion activator as PEG is (maybe the function of the anion activator is to increase the strength of the base as they do in Phase-Transfer Catalysis) (14). In place of PEG other anion activators may be used, as the condensation compounds between ethylene oxide and propylene oxide such latter polymers, being viscous liquids, offer some advantage in particular applications such as the decontamination of surfaces. 

Decontamination of Surfaces Contaminated by PCB, PCDF and PCDD. This version of CDP-Process uses reagent mixtures in liquid phase and at room temperature the reagent is spread on the surface to be decontaminated. Usually the reagent is formulated by using copolymers between ethylene oxide and propylene oxide (these condensation polymers, manufactured by Montedison, are called Nixolen ). 

Table II. In Situ Decontamination of Surfaces Containing PCDF and PCDD, Coming from a PCD Fire...

Effect of the Average Pore Size on the Adsorption Capacity and Off-Gassing Characteristics of Activated Carbon Fabrics for Decontamination of Surfaces... 

INTERNATIONAL ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCY, Manual on Decontamination of Surfaces, Safety Series No. 48, IAEA, Vienna (1979). 

Effectiveness of decontamination of surfaces and protective gear (e.g., respirators) may sometimes be evaluated by wipe sampling. 

The construction shall allow easy decontamination of surfaces. Compatibility of decontamination materials and the operating environments shall be considered for operational states and design basis accidents. 

Solid and liquid disinfectants are the most common and familiar chemicals used for decontamination of surfaces and objects used with biohazardous agents. Liquid disinfectants are generally used after dilution, but for some applications, the concentrated material may be used. Solids must be mixed with a liquid before use and therefore are included in the following discussion about liquid disinfectants. In this section, we will consider the uses of these chemicals, their properties, and their hazards. 

Advisory Committee on Dangerous Pattiogens (ACDP) (1990) HIV—The Causative Agent of AIDS and Related Conditions. Second revision of guidelines. London Heallh and Safety Executive. Anon ( 99 ) Decontamination of Equipment, Linen or other Surfaces Contaminated with Hepatitis B and/or Human Immunodeficiency Viruses. Depaittnent of Healtti HC 33. 

Beuchat, L.R. (1998) Surface Decontamination of Fruits and Vegetables Eaten Raw A review. WHO, Food Safety Unit. WHO/FSF/FaS/98-2. www.who.int/foodsafety/publications/fs management/surfac decon/en/... 

Matousek J. Universal solution for decontamination of CW agents on body surface based on oxidation principle (in Czech). CS Pat. 1951/T (1981). 

An application well-suited for IMS is the decommissioning and cleanup of sites where extensive manufacturing of explosives has taken place in the last century and where widespread contamination of soils and waters has occurred [74]. Decontamination of model metal scrap artificially contaminated with TNT and of decommissioned mortar rounds stiU containing explosives residue was followed by sampling surfaces with analysis by a portable mobility spectrometer. Mixed anaerobic microbial populations of bioslurries were employed in decontamination of scrap and the mortar rounds, and the IMS analyzer was seen as a sensitive field... 

CORPEX Technologies, Inc., offers CORPEX technology for the decontamination of undesirable and toxic ions or radionuclides from contaminated surfaces and coatings. The vendor states that the process can operate as either a batch or semicontinuous process. The commercially available CORPEX technology uses patented, innovative chelation chemicals to control and recover radioactive and other types of hazardous metal ions from soils, concrete, steel, and other materials. 

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