Toxicity characteristic leaching procedure

The procedure for conducting the TCLP test is rather involved. The procedure need not be run at all if a total analysis of the sample reveals that none of the pollutants specified in the procedure could exceed regulatory levels. At the opposite end of the scale, analysis of any of the liquid fractions of the sample showing that any regulated species would exceed regulatory levels even after the dilutions involved in the TCLP measurement have been carried out designates the sample as hazardous, and the TCLP measurement is not required. 

The procedures used in the TCLP test vary with the nature of the sample. If free liquids are present, they may be determined separately. An extract is prepared from solid or semisolid materials using an extractant consisting of dilute acetic acid or an acetic acid/sodium acetate mixture. The extraction procedure is designed to mimic conditions that may be obtained with respect to a waste mismanagement scenario in which hazardous wastes are codisposed with actively decomposing municipal refuse. 

Toxicity characteristic leaching procedure (TCLP) is the method mandated by the U.S, Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) for determiifing how much toxic material is likely to leach out of solid wastes. A short description of the TCLP method is provided here. For an exact description of the process, the reader should study Method 1311 in EPA Publication SW-846 [5], 

In TCLP, a lOOg sample of debris is crushed until the entire sample passes through a 9.5 mm standard sieve. Then 5 g of the crushed sample are taken to determine which extraction fluid will be used. Deionized water is added to the 5g sample to make 100 ml of solution. The liquid is stirred for 5 minutes. After that time, the pH is measured. The pH determines which extraction fluid will be used in subsequent steps, as shown in Table 5.1. The procedure for making the extraction fluids is shown in Table 5.2. The debris sample and the extraction fluid are combined and placed in a special holder. The holder is rotated at 30 2 RPM for 18 2 hours. The temperature is maintained at 23 2°C during this time. 

Acid is added. The solution is heated and then allowed to cool. Once the solution cools, pH is measured again (see below). 

Extraction Eluid 1 is used. Extraction Eluid 2 is used. 

The liquid is then filtered and analyzed. Analysis for lead and heavy metals is done with AA or ICP-AES. 

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However, rotary furnaces tend to produce more exhaust gas and fumes, require more skill fill manipulation, and are more labor intensive. Also, the slags produced in the rotary furnaces, soda or fayaUte [13918-37-1] slags, normally do not pass the toxic characteristic leach procedure (TCLP) test and pose a disposal problem. 

Another level of regulatory significance is the toxic characteristic leach procedure (TCLP) limit of a characteristic waste. A material which is a waste because of the TCLP is ha2ardous if a Hquor resulting from an 18-h leach in an acetic acid buffer exceeds 5 ppm (mg/L) lead in the leach Hquor. 

A sohd waste is considered hazardous if it is either a Hsted waste or a characteristic waste. Listed wastes include a Hst of specific processes that generate a waste and a Hst of discarded commercial chemical products. There are four hazardous waste characteristics ignitabiHty, corrosivity, reactivity, and toxicity. The last refers to the leachabiHty of a waste and the resultant toxicity in the groundwater using the analytical method referred to as toxicity characteristic leaching procedure (TCLP). A Hst of substances included under TCLP is shown in Table 1. 

Spill prevention control and countermeasure plan (SPCC Plan) Toxicity characteristic leaching procedure (TCLP)... 

Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure," Code ofPederalBegulations, 40 CFR, Pt. 261, Appendix II, Method 1311. 

Physical and chemical tests of the final product may need to address two concerns (1) whether the solidified waste exhibits any RCRA defined toxicity characteristics or could be delisted and (2) the potential long term fate of treated materials in the disposal environment. Three tests are available which address the first concern. These are the Extraction Procedure (EP Tox) (40 CFR 261, Appendix II, 1980) and the Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure (TCLP) (40 CFR 261, Appendix II, 1986), and the Multiple Extraction Procedure Test (40 CFR 261, Appendix II, January 1989). It is important to note that these tests are not indicators of expected leachate quality but of potentials. A solidified product which cannot pass the appropriate test (EP Tox or TCLP) would be subject to classification as a hazardous waste. 

Federal Register - Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure, Revised 40 CFR 261, Appendix II, 1986. 

RCRA was passed to manage nonhazardous and hazardous wastes and underground storage tanks, with an emphasis placed on the recovery of reusable materials as an alternative to their disposal. This act introduced the concept of the separate management of hazardous and nonhazardous wastes, and defined procedures to identify whether a waste is hazardous or nonhazardous. A waste exhibits the characteristic of toxicity, classified as a hazardous material, if the concentration of any of 39 selected analytes in the Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure (TCLP) extract exceed regulatory action levels. 

The physical properties of lead and several of its compounds are listed in Table 3-2. Lead readily tarnishes in the atmosphere but is one of the most stable fabricated metals because of its corrosive resistance to air, water, and soil (Howe 1981). A waste that contains lead or lead compounds may (or may not) be characterized a hazardous waste following testing by the Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure (TCLP) as prescribed by the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) regulations. 

Toxic applications, pumps for, 21 76-78 Toxic characteristic leach procedure test, 14 759... 

Toxic characteristic leach procedure (TCLP) limit, 14 765 Toxic chemicals, management and risk assessment of, 24 184-188 Toxic compounds, 9 448 Toxic effects... 

The Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) identifies endrin as a hazardous waste in two ways (1) when it exceeds a toxicity characteristic leaching procedure test concentration of 0.02 mg/L (EPA 1980a) and (2) when it is discarded as a commercial chemical product, off-specification species, container residue, or spill residue (EPA 1980a). 

TACOM TBA TCLP THC TNB TNBA TNT TOC TRBP TW-SCWO Tank-Automotive and Armaments Command tributylamine toxicity characteristic leaching procedure total hydrocarbons trinitrobenzene trinitrobenzoic acid trinitrotoluene (an energetic material) total organic carbon thermal reduction batch processor transpiring-wall supercritical water oxidation... 

Toxicity. The fourth characteristic that could make a waste a hazardous waste is toxicity (40 CFR 261.24). To determine if a waste is a toxic hazardous waste, a representative sample of the material must be subjected to a test conducted in a certified laboratory using a test procedure [toxicity characteristic leaching procedure, (TCLP)]. Under federal rules (40 CFR 261), all generators are required to use the toxicity characteristic leaching procedure test when evaluating wastes. 

The toxicity characteristic leaching procedure may be subject to misinterpretation if the compounds under investigation are not included in the methods development or the list of contaminants leading to the potential for technically invalid results. However, an alternative procedure, the synthetic precipitation leaching procedure (SPLP, EPA SW-846 Method 1312) may be appropriate. This procedure is applicable for materials where the leaching potential due to normal rainfall is to be determined. Instead of the leachate simulating acetic acid mixture, nitric and sulfuric acids are utilized in an effort to simulate the acid rains resulting from airborne nitric and sulfuric oxides. 

Coke does not offer the same potential environmental issues as other petroleum products (Chapter 10 and above). It is used predominantly as a refinery fuel unless other uses for the production of a high-grade coke or carbon are desired. In the former case, the constituents of the coke that will release environmentally harmful gases such as nitrogen oxides, sulfur oxides, and particulate matter should be known. In addition, stockpiling coke on a site where it awaits use or transportation can lead to leachates as a result of rainfall (or acid rainfall) which are highly detrimental. In such a case, application of the toxicity characteristic leaching procedure... 

In New York and Massachusetts where PCB contamination is always a possibility, the laboratory tests required by the state environmental protection agencies for analysis of a petroleum-contaminated soil are as follows (a) flash point (b) total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) (c) PCB screening (d) total organic halides (TOH) (e) reactivity of cyanide and sulfide (f) BTEX or equivalent (g) eight metals under TCLP (Toxicity Characteristics Leaching Procedure) for USTs and (h) full range of tests under TCLP for ASTs and spills. 

The solid wastes that are RCRA hazardous wastes are those either listed in 40 CFR pt. 261, or exhibit one of the four characteristics [ignitabUity, corrosivity, reactivity, and extraction procedure (EP) toxicity] identified in Part 261 [a more stringent Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure (TCLP) replaced EP in 1986 (51 Federal Regulation 21,648 1986)]. Both the characteristics and the lists sweep many pesticides and pesticide wastes into the RCRA regulatory program. 

NFS claims that DeHg technology offers a low-temperature alternative to other mercury recovery processes. They claim that the final waste form generated by processing passes Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure (TCLP) criteria for disposal, and that centrifuge testing has proven that no free liquid mercury remains in the treated product. 

Lowest available toxicity characteristic leaching procedure (TCLP) leachate levels for any process treating EAF dust. 

During bench-scale studies on ACT using sediments from the New Bedford Harbor Superfund Site, the Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure (TCLP) concentrations of many contaminants increased or remained unchanged following treatment. Based on these results, researchers stated that solidification/stabilization methods such as ACT were not appropriate for the treatment of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) or semivolatile organic compounds (SVOCs) at the site. The study also indicated that the compressive strength of ACT [45 to 80 pounds per square inch (psi)] was relatively low compared to other solidification/stabilization materials that were tested. 

Produces a stable waste form that can pass Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure (TCLP) criteria for land disposal. 

Although USs may volatilize heavy-metal contaminants, the metals are not broken down or destroyed, and ash that contains excessive levels of heavy metals must be stabilized to meet toxicity characteristic leaching procedure (TCLP) prior to being disposed of in a landfill. 

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