Total organic carbon analyzer

Chemical sensors that can be used to identify potential threats to process water and industrial wastewater systems include inorganic monitors (e.g., chlorine analyzer), organic monitors (e.g., total organic carbon analyzer), and toxicity meters. Radiological meters can be used to measure concentrations of several different radioactive species. 

Each port was located in an area of turbulence with the sampling tube directed into the flow so that small and large oil drops entered with equal facility. A Coulter Counter Model T -X 11 was used to measure the oil-drop size distributions. A Beckman Model 915A Total Organic Carbon Analyzer was used to measure oil concentration. 

Organic carbon (OC) and elemental carbon (EC) concentrations in smoke aerosol can be measured by using a semicontinuous thermal-optical OC/EC instruments [18]. Water-soluble organic carbon (WSOC) and water-soluble ions can be detected in smoke plumes with a PILS combined with a total organic carbon analyzer [30] and IC [19]. Besides smoke-specific tracers, the HR-ToF-AMS enables to study the concentrations of organic matter (OM), nitrate, ammonium, sulfate, and chloride in smoke particles [30]. Black carbon (BC) can be measured in real-time with several instruments, e.g., with aethalometer [19], multi-angle absorption photometer [29], and particle soot absorption photometer [25]. 

The use of carbon isotopes to study DOC is becoming more prevalent due to technological advances in mass spectrometry. DOC generally occurs in natural waters in low concentrations, typically ranging between 0.5 ppm and 10 ppm carbon (Thurman, 1985 see Chapter 5.10). Thus, several liters to tens of liters of water were once necessary to extract enough DOC for conventional dual gas-inlet isotopic analysis. Today, automated total organic carbon analyzers (TOCs) are commercially available, and have been successfully interfaced with continuous flow isotope ratio mass spectrometers (CF-IRMS) for stable isotopic measurements of samples containing ppb concentrations of DOC (e.g., St-Jean, 2003). 

Total Organic Carbon Analysis (TOC). TOC analysis was carried out on a Beckman 915A Total Organic Carbon analyzer according to the standard procedures used with this instrument. 

The overall reaction rate can also be followed using a Total Organic Carbon Analyzer (e.g. Shimadzu 5050) with an autosampler ASI 5000. The TOC analysis is based on the oxidation of the sample in a combustion chamber heated at 680° using platinum as a catalyst. In this instrument, the total sample carbon (TC) and the total inorganic carbon (IC) content are measured using different analytical methods. Vials with... 

Analyses of inorganic and organic carbon were made on dry sediment samples by combustion on a Shimadzu TOC-5000 total organic carbon analyzer equipped with a solid sample module SSM-5000A. 

Adsorption isotherms The amount of polymer adsorbed on the particles was determined through the depletion method. PAM macromolecules were equilibrated for 24 hours with a ceria dispersion, then the particles and adsorbed polymer were removed through ultracentrifugation and the amount of polymer remaining in the supernatant was measured with a total organic carbon analyzer. This method requires 2 hours of... 

E.T. Urbansky. Total organic carbon analyzer as tools for measuring carbonaceous matter in natural waters. /. Environ. Monit., 3 102-112, 2001. 

FIGURE 18.15 Total organic carbon analyzer employing ultraviolet-promoted sample oxidation. 

Total Organic Carbon Formations with a significant TOC content greater than the petroleum hydrocarbon content, as with peat-rich soil, can compete with the hydrocarbon-degrading microbes for oxygen and nutrients. A representative sample should thus be analyzed for TOC if organic matter is observed in soil samples or borings. 

The slurry effluent is analyzed for residual organics, and if it meets total organic carbon (TOC) specifications, it is pumped to an evaporator/crystallizer system, where water is evaporated and the salts crystallized for off-site disposal. These inorganic salts are readily stabilized and are suitable for disposal in existing permitted landfills. The recovered water is either reused in the process, sent to a unit that produces deionized water, or used for making caustic solution. If the effluent does not meet TOC specifications, it is routed to an off-specification effluent tank and then returned as part of the SCWO reactor feed. 

Assay of Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Synthetic Solid Polymers. Hydrolysis of solid polymers was measured by the rate of their solubilization, and the measurement process does not necessarily involve complete hydrolysis into the constituent parts. The rate was determined by measuring the water-soluble total organic carbon (TOC) concentration at 30 °C in the reaction mixture using a Beckman TOC analyzer (Model 915-B). In the substrate and enzyme controls, enzyme or substrate was omitted from the reaction mixture. 

The concentrations of amino acids in the buffered aqueous solutions (pH 6.2) were selected to give a total organic carbon content of 1-3 mg/L, and chlorination conditions were as described for the chlorination of mixtures of model compounds. The chlorinated solutions were concentrated by XAD-2 adsorption/ethyl ether elution, tested for mutagenicity, and analyzed by GC-MS. 

An atomic absorption spectrophotometer (Perkin-Elmer 4000) was used with standard operating conditions to determine dissolved and total Mn, irrespective of oxidation state. Dissolved organic carbon was determined with an organic carbon analyzer (Beckman model 915B TOCmaster). 

Detailed experimental procedures have been previously reported (Ko, 1998 Ko et al., 1998a,b) therefore, they are only briefly described here. Phenanthrene (Aldrich, 99.5+%), naphthalene (Aldrich, 99+%), SDS (Sigma, 99.5+%), and Tween 80 (Aldrich, no purity reported) were used as received selected physicochemical properties for these compounds are shown in Table 1. Kaolinite, a nonswelling 1 1 layer phyllosilicate clay and common constituent of many subsurface environments, was used as received from Sigma. Solution pH and ionic strength were adjusted as necessary with 0.5 M HC1 and/or 0.5 M NaOH and NaCl, respectively. Aqueous phenanthrene and naphthalene concentrations were quantified by fluorescence (PTI, Inc.) at the excitation/emission wavelengths of 250/364 and 278/322 nm, respectively. A total organic carbon (TOC) analyzer (Shimadzu Model 5050) was used to determine aqueous SDS concentrations and Tween 80 concentrations were determined by UV absorbance at 234 nm. 

Whole rock analyses. The thoroughly homogenised whole rock samples were dissolved in a HF/HN03/HC104-solution and analysed for major and trace elements by emission spectroscopy (ICPES). The carbonate content was determined separately by treatment of the rock powder with HC1. Total organic carbon of the whole rock samples was determined by a Leco carbon analyzer. 

The elemental composition (C, H, N) of the cell mass was measured in a Leco CHN-2000 analyzer (St. Joseph, MI), while the oxygen content was obtained by the difference after correction for ash. Total organic carbon (TOC) of fermentation medium at the beginning and end of fermentations was analyzed with a TOC analyzer (Shimadzu 5050A Kyoto, Japan) by the combustion technique with nondispersive infrared detection. 

DOM is composed of small molecules that can be obtained by filtration. Quantification of organic matter in aquatic environment is performed by measuring the concentrations expressed in organic carbon. One measures total organic carbon (TOC) obtained from raw liquid sample, particulate organic carbon (POC) by analyzing the filter, and the dissolved organic carbon (DOC) characterized from the sample after filtration. 

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