Total organic carbon content

Redding AZ, Bums SE, Upson RT, Andersen EF (2002) Organoclay sorption of benzene as a function of total organic carbon content. J Colloid Interface Sci 250 261-264... 

The CleanOX process is limited in saturated matrices possessing very low permeabilities and high calcium carbonate levels, as well as in groundwater with high total organic carbon content. In addition, the presence of iron-metabolizing bacteria can reduce the effectiveness of the iron catalyst, resulting in operations and maintenance problems for the system. 

The concentrations of amino acids in the buffered aqueous solutions (pH 6.2) were selected to give a total organic carbon content of 1-3 mg/L, and chlorination conditions were as described for the chlorination of mixtures of model compounds. The chlorinated solutions were concentrated by XAD-2 adsorption/ethyl ether elution, tested for mutagenicity, and analyzed by GC-MS. 

There is a scarcity of Canadian data on ground water quality. In 1979, a survey was undertaken by the Department of National Health and Welfare. Water samples were taken at 30 water treatment plants in 29 municipalities serving 5.5 million consumers, including all major population centers (11). Only three of these were ground water sources where minimal or no treatment was practiced. The total organic carbon content of these ground waters was less than half of that found in water supplies taken from rivers and lakes, and the trihalomethane content was also significantly low. 

One approach to help overcome this disparity between spot and passive sampling data is to use additional water quality data. If average values of DOC, suspended particulate matter, and total organic carbon content are known, it may be possible to estimate the total concentration using empirical relationships that describe the distribution of a chemical between the different phases that may be present in an environmental water sample.121 There is, however, uncertainty associated with this approach, as a number of assumptions are made in the calculations and a better understanding of the partitioning behavior of priority pollutants between the different phases is needed. 

Espinoza, L.H., D. Lucas, D. Littlejohn, and S. Kyauk. 1999. Total organic carbon content in aqueous samples determined by near-IR spectroscopy. Appl. Spectrosc. 53 103-107. 

Total Organic Carbon Contents (TOO. In the 27 samples investigated for this study the TOC values vary between 1.9 and 25.5% (Table I). The four samples from the marl series (shallowest sample in each well Figure 1) have TOC values in the lower part of this range (1.9 - 2.9%). The bituminous subunit of the laminite series in well NR-10 is particularly rich in organic matter. 

Volume percentages of organic matter identifiable under the microscope only correlate well with total organic carbon contents if the unstructured groundmass is included in the volume calculation. From a relationship between TOC values, average densities of the rock matrix and the organic matter we deduce that in most samples the microscopic kerogen evaluation accounted for at least 80% of... 

Figure 2. Total sulfur content (wt.% in rock) versus total organic carbon content (TOC) for the marl section above the laminite (squares) and in the upper (open circles) and lower laminite sections (closed circles).

Fig. 7. Photodegradation of cyanuric acid (CA) at 4.0% H2[PtCl6]/TH upon irradiation through the cut-off filter of 320 nm as monitored by disappearance of cyanuric acid (squares) and by the change of total organic carbon content (circles) and formation of NO<( (triangles). Initial parameters pH = 9, [CA]0 = 0.25 mmol L 1.

The VUV-initiated oxidation of 2,4-dichlorophenol (2,4-DCP) led to an excellent cr mass balance of 98% and to the diminution of the total organic carbon content (TOC) of the solution (Fig. 7-14). Clearly, the TOC diminution kinetics was much slower than that of the substrate oxidation. It was shovm that the observed kinetics of the TOC degradation of 2,4-DCP was strongly dependent on the electric input power of the Xe2 excimer lamps used (Baum and Oppenlander, 1995). 

Johnson-Ibach L. E. (1982) Relationship between sedimentation rate and total organic carbon content in ancient marine sediments. Am. Assoc. Petrol. Geol. Bull. 66, 170-188. 

High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) has been widely used for many years in industrial laboratories but its use in environmental laboratories has usually been restricted to analyses such as the determination of polyaromatic hydrocarbons and linear alkylbenzene sulphonates. Traditionally gas chromatography (GC) has been the first choice technique and HPLC only used when GC has proved unsuitable, due to thermal lability or other reasons. This reliance on GC is despite the fact it has been reported that 80-90% of the total organic carbon content in waters is non-volatile and not amenable to GC. Probably the reason for the lack of use of HPLC lies in the poor sensitivity of its most common detector (UV spectrophotometric) compared with GC detectors and the often demanding limits of detection required for environmental analysis, where sub-pg 1 limits of detection are the norm. 

This study focused on the deactivation of the Mn/Ce catalysts during reaction. The catalytic oxidation of phenol in aqueous solution to carbon dioxide, water and other side-products was selected as the test reaction. Catalysts were prepared from amorphous precursors using the citrate method and controlling the calcination temperature. Activity performance as a function of the time on stream was studied by simultaneously analyzing the conversion of phenol, the total organic carbon content of the catiyst, the cations eluted and the elemental composition of both cerium and manganese. Experimental conditions were widely varied. Fresh and used catalysts were also analyzed by BET surface area, X-Ray Diffraction and X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy. 

Boese, B.L., M. Winsor, H. Lee II, S. Evchols, J. Pelletier, and R. Randall. 1995. PCB congeners and hexachlorobenzene biota sediment accumulation factors for Macoma nasuta exposed to sediments with different total organic carbon content. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 14 303-310. 

Kaba et al. [131] employed a Ce +/Ce + redox couple and ultrasonic solution agitation to degrade human biomass waste using either a Pt or Pb02 anode and a 12M H2SO4 electrolyte. The total organic carbon content of the electrolyte decreased by a factor of about 3 and the total nitrogen dropped by a factor of 2 after a 70-hour electrolysis. 

L/min and up to 18.3 megohm-cm water with less than 10 ppb total organic carbon content. Use a three-module system for tap feed water, and a four-module system for high purity quality tap water. 

In addition to the investigation of numerous model compounds, real wastes from chemical, pharmaceutical and food industry, from municipal sewage treatment plants, and from military and nuclear power facilities were tested in bench and pilot scale plants [110]. For a better understanding of supercritical water oxidation, single components like 2,4-dinitrotoluene, acetic acid, ammonia, aniline, cyanide, dichloromethane, ethanol, formic add, hexachlorocydohexane, hydrogen, phenol, PVC, DDT, pyridine, thiophene, toluene, trichloroethylene, and 1,1,1-trichloroethane were studied. From these experiments, kinetic data were obtained. The destruction efficiency, which is the ratio between the residual total organic carbon content (TOC) and the initial TOC achieved for these compounds is up to 99.999 % [83]. Also flames in supercritical water, e.g. by oxidation of methane with oxygen, have been studied [111, 112]. 

Lacorte, S., Fraisse, Dl., and Barcel6, D., Efficient SPE procedures for trace enrichment of priority phenols from industrial effluents with high total organic carbon content, J. Chromatogr. A, 857, 97-106, 1999. 

Bakulina, A.G. and Skopintsev, B.A., 1969. Determination of the total organic carbon content in natural waters by the method of dry combustion. Gidrokhim. Mater., 52 133—141 (in Russian). 

The wastewater from syntheses of chloro- -trlazlne herbicides Is a clear, colourless mixture of wastes from the chemical reaction and from washing the product. It has a total organic carbon content of about 1200 mg a total Kjeldahl nitrogen concentration of about 810 mg of N a biological oxygen demand after 5 days of about 530 mg of O2 L, and contains NaCl at about 35 g L the pH Is about 12 (14). 

Wavelet analysis is a method for time-frequency analysis, which can obtain weak information from climate records. Wavelet transform can translation and stretch the original climate record, then transform with multiple scales to get the cycles. Qinghai Lake is located at the western side of Gaoligong Mountain in Yunnan Plateau, which mainly influenced by the Asian southwest monsoon. In this paper, we investigating the Holocene climate variance by analysis the grain-size. Total Organic Carbon content (TOC), carbonate content (CaCOj) and Magnetic susceptibility records, then use the wavelet analysis to get the Holocene climate cycles for further study the characteristics and mechanism of Asian southwest monsoon. 

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