Nitrogen starved

M. Lancien, S. Ferrario-Mery, Y. Eoux, E. Bismuth, C. Ma.sclaux, B. Hirel, P. Gadal, and M. Hodges, Simultaneous expression of NAD-dependent isocitrate dehydrogenase and other Krebs cycle genes after nitrate resupply to short-term nitrogen starved tobacco. Plant Physiol. 120 1X1 (1999). 

J. C. Weissman, J. R. Benemann (1977) Hydrogen production by nitrogen starved cultures of Anabaena cylindrica. Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 33 123-131... 

Hallinan, C. P., Saul, D. J., Jiranek, V. (1999) Differential utilisation of sulfur compounds for H2S liberation by nitrogen-starved wine yeasts. Australian Journal of Grape and Wine Research. 5, 82-90. 

SpUler, H., Dietsch, E., and Kessler, E. (1976). IntraceUular appearance of nitrite and nitrate In nitrogen-starved cells of Ankistrodesmus braunii. Planta 129, 175—181. 

Cochlan, W. P., and Harrison, P.. (1991b). Uptake of nitrate, ammonium, and urea nitrogen-starved cultures of Micromonas pusilla (Prasinophyceae) Transient responses. J. Phycol. 21, 673—679. 

Raimbault, P., Gentilhomme, V., and Slawyk, G. (1990). Short-term responses of 24 hour nitrogen-starved cultures of Phaeodactylum trkornutum to pulsed additions of nitrate at nanomolar levels. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 63, 47-52. 

Breuer G, Martens DE, Draaisma RB, Wijffels RH, Earners PP Photosynthetic efficiency and carbon partitioning in nitrogen-starved Scenedesmus obliquus. Algal Res 9 254-262, 2015b. 

Mineral deficiency strongly affects the development of leaves and of the photosynthetic apparatus. We were interested to know whether carbon flux is more restricted in mineral deficient leaves by the thylakoid system or the Calvin cycle. Spinach was grown under mineral deficiency as shown in Tab. 1. Leaves of different age were detached and photosynthesis and F was measured. Rates of photosynthesis were on a unit leaf area basis consistently higher in the control leaves than in leaves deficient in phosphorus, sulfur or nitrogen. Sulfur and old nitrogen deficient leaves were chlorotic. F was increased under all deficiency conditions and particularly so in old leaves of phosphate and nitrogen starved plants and in young leaves of sulfur-deprived plants. The increase in F clearly correlated with the development of pronounced deficiency symptoms and reduced rates of photosynthesis. The data indicate that mineral deficiency introduces flux limitations in the Calvin cycle. 

The fate of polyphosphates was traced in cells of P. shermanii incubated in a medium deprived of nitrogen sources these cells modeled nitrogen-starved immobilized cells. We observed that in nitrogen-starved cells incubated with lactate there was an increase in the content of all three fractions of polyphosphates during the first 3 days (Fig. 4.17). Afterwards the most polymeric fraction (extracted with hot perchloric acid) remained at... 

Figure 4.17. Polyphosphate content in nitrogen-starved cells of P. shermanii growing on lactate upon addition of ammonium sulfate. Acid-labile phosphate was assayed in alkaline-soluble fraction (a), salt-soluble fraction (b) and hot perchloric acid extract (c). Arrow indicates re-addition of ammonium sulfate. From Gaitan et al. (1982).

As mentioned above, immobilized cells are studied mainly for practical reasons, since they show a number of economic advantages over the use of growing cells or cell suspensions. Production of organic acids is one of the prospective applications of immobilized cells. Another one is related to the release of nitrogenous bases and some nucleosides by immobilized cells. In nitrogen-starved immobilized cells the levels of all metabolites (first of all, nucleotides) are reduced (Leps and Ensign, 1979). It was shown (Ikonnikov et al., 1982) that immobilized cells of propionic acid bacteria, incubated periodically in nitrogen-free medium, released substances of protein and nucleic acid nature, whose quantity decreased with the time of incubation in... 

In contrast to this strain, nitrogen starved non-heterocystous filamentous blue-green alga, Oscillatoria sp Miami BG 7 simultaneously and stoichiometrically photoproduce and CO in a ratio of 2 and both were accumulated in the gas phase. Preceeding the H2 and CO2 photoevolution step, the cells were needed to accumulate very high level of cellular carbohydrate (Glycogen) by photosynthesis. (Kumazawa, Mitsui 1981 Mitsui et al 1983). 

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