2.2.2- Trichloro ethanol

Hydroxylamine hydrochloride (8) Hydroxylamine, hydrochloride (9) (5470-11-1) 2,2,2-Trichloro-1-ethoxyethanol Ethanol, 2,2,2-trichloro-1-ethoxy- (8,9) (515-83-3) 2-Fluoroaminobenzene Aniline, o-fluoro- (8) Benzenamine, 2-fluoro- (9) (348-54-9) 7-Fluoroisatin 1 H-lndole-2,3-dione, 7-fluoro- (8,9) (317-20-4)... 

Ethanol, 2-ethoxy-Ethanol, 2-methoxy-Ethanol, 2-phenoxy-Ethanol, phenyl- Previously listed as 60-12-8 Benzeneethanol Ethanol, 2,2,2-trichloro-1,1-bis(4-chlorophenyl)-... 

Synonyms Acarin l,l-Bis(chlorophenyl)-2,2,2-trichloroethanol l,l-Bis(4-chlorophe-nyl)-2,2,2-trichloroethanol l,l-Bis(/ -chlorophenyl)-2,2,2-trichloroethanol Carbax Cekudifol 4-Chloro-a-(4-chlorophenyl)-a-(trichloromethyl)benzene-methanol CPCA Decofol Dichlorokelthane Di(p-chlorophenyl)trichloromethylcarbinol 4,4 -Dichloro-a-(trichloromethyl)benzhydrol DTMC ENT 23648 FW 293 Hifol Hifol 18.5 EC Keltane Kelthane p,p -Kelthane Kelthane A Kelthane dust base Kelthanehanol Milbol Mitigan NA 2761 NCI-C00486 2,2,2-Trichloro-l,l-bis(p-chlorophettyl)ethanol 2,2,2-Trichloro-1,1-di(4-chloropheny l)ethanol. 

When chlorine is passed into boiling ethanol, both chlorination of the methyl group and oxidation of the primary alcohol group to an aldehyde occur, giving trichloro-acetaldehyde or chloral ... 

In addition to chloroform, many other compounds containing the trichloro-methyl group, CI3C-, show marked physiological action. Thus trichloro-acetaldehyde or chloral hydrate, Cl3C CH(OH) (p. 342), and trichloro-tertiary-butanol or chloretone, CUC CfCHaliOH, are both hypnotics. Similarly, tribromo-ethanol or avertin, BraC-CHjOH, has strong anaesthetic properties. 

In some instances a carbon-carbon bond can be formed with C-nucleophiles. For example, 3-carboxamido-6-methylpyridazine is produced from 3-iodo-6-methylpyridazine by treatment with potassium cyanide in aqueous ethanol and l,3-dimethyl-6-oxo-l,6-dihydro-pyridazine-4-carboxylic acid from 4-chloro-l,3-dimethylpyridazin-6-(lH)-one by reaction with a mixture of cuprous chloride and potassium cyanide. Chloro-substituted pyridazines react with Grignard reagents. For example, 3,4,6-trichloropyridazine reacts with f-butyl-magnesium chloride to give 4-t-butyl-3,5,6-trichloro-l,4-dihydropyridazine (120) and 4,5-di-t-butyl-3,6-dichloro-l,4-dihydropyridazine (121) and both are converted into 4-t-butyl-3,6-dichloropyridazine (122 Scheme 38). 

A purified grade of l,l-di-( -chlorophenyl)-2,2,2-trichloro-ethane (DDT) melting at 105-106° should be used. It can be obtained by crystallizing the technical material from alcohol. Thus, 100 g. of technical DDT melting at 81-96°, when crystallized from 550 ml. of 95% ethanol, gave about 70 g. of material melting at 105-106°. 

Mono-substitution occurs most readily in the stepwise replacement of the halogen substituents of 2,4,6-trichloro-s-triazine with aqueous methanol and sodium bicarbonate (30°, 30 min), the monomethoxy derivative (324) is obtained on heating (65°, 30 min), the disubstitu-ted derivative is formed and on brief heating (65°) with the more basic sodium carbonate or methanolic sodium hydroxide (25°, 3 hr) complete methoxylation (320) occurs. Ethanolic ethoxide (25°, 1 hr) or sodium carbonate (35°) is sufficient to give complete ethoxy-dechlorination. The corresponding phenoxy derivatives are obtained on treatment with one (0°), two (15°, 1 hr), or three equivalents (25-70°, 3 hr) of various sodium phenoxides in aqueous acetone. The stepwise reaction with phenols, alcohols, or thiols proceeds in better yield in organic solvents (acetone or chloroform) with collidine or 2,6-lutidine as acid acceptors than in aqueous sodium bicarbonate. ... 

As discussed in Section 8.10, dediazoniation in methanol or ethanol yields mixtures of the corresponding aryl ethers and arenes, except with alcohols of very low nucleo-philicity such as trifluoroethanol, in which the aryl ether is the main product. Therefore aryl ethers are, in general, synthesized by alkylation of the respective phenol. Olah and Wu (1991) demonstrated, however, that phenylalkyl and aryl ethers can be obtained in 46-88% yield from benzenediazonium tetrafluoroborate using alkoxy- and phenoxytrimethylsilanes in solution in Freon 113 (l,l,2-trichloro-l,2,2-tri-fluoroethane) at 55-60 °C with ultrasonic irradiation. As seen from the stoichiometric... 

Exhaled air Collected in Tedlar bag injected into GC GC/ECD (both trichloro- ethylene and trichloro- ethanol) 5 ppb (trichloroethylene) 2 ppb (trichloro-ethanol) NR Monster and Boersma 1975... 

Urine Hydrolyzed with H2SO4 extracted with isooctane injected into GC GC/ECD (for metabolite trichloro-ethanol) 75 ppb 98.2 Pekari and Aitio 1985b... 

Mammalian cytochrome P450 2E1 was introduced into tobacco plants that were exposed to trichloroethene in hydroponic medium for 5 d. Trichloroethene epoxide was produced initially, and was rearranged to trichloroacetaldehyde, which was then reduced to trichloro-ethanol. This was found in samples of leaves, stems, and roots, but was absent in the control plants. Trichloroethanol was subsequently transported to the leaves where it was apparently metabolized (Doty et al. 2000). 

Sasson and Rempel [97] showed that the system [(PPh3)3RuCl2]/secondary alcohol is suitable for the selective transformation of 1,1,1,3-tetrachloro into 1,1,3-trichloro compounds. Similarly, Blum and coworkers [98, 99] employed [(PPh3)3RuCl2] as well as polystyrene-anchored Rh, Ru and Ir complexes for the hydrogen transfer from alcohols to trihalomethyl compounds, leading to dihalo-methyl derivatives. For example, one of the Cl atoms of 2,2,2-trichloro-l-phenyl-ethanol was displaced by H at 140-160 °C in 2-propanol. The polymer-anchored catalysts proved to be resistant to leaching [99]. 

The procedure for the preparation of 1-phenyl-2,2,2-trichloro-ethanol is based on the work of Bergmann, Ginsburg, and Lavie.3 l-Phenvl-2,2,2-trichloroethanol has also been prepared from phenylmagnesium bromide and chloral.4... 

Cathodic cleavage 2.2.2- trichloro-l-(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethanol - 2.2- dichloro-l-(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethylene Japan 120 Pb cathode... 

Pyrazolo[l,5-a]pyrimidine-6-carboxylates (1402) were prepared in 70% yields in the reaction of 3-aminopyrazoles and diethyl amino(trichloro-methyl)methylenemalonate in boiling ethanol in the presence of sodium ethoxide for 6 hr (78JPR533). 

Benzenetrifuroxan (66) is a powerful explosive which was first synthesised by Turek in 1931 by heating 1,3,5-triazido-2,4,6-trinitrobenzene (65) to its melting point (131 °C) the latter prepared from the reaction of 1,3,5-trichloro-2,4,6-trinitrobenzene with sodium azide in aqueous ethanol. 

Chloral hydrate Chloral hydrate, 2,2,2-trichloro-l,l-ethandiol (4.3.1), is synthesized either by chlorination of ethanol or chlorination of acetaldehyde and the subsequent addition of water molecules to the resulting trichloroacetic aldehyde [31],... 

Clofibrate Clofibrate, ethyl ether 2-(4-chloropheoxy)-M( -butyric acid (20.2.2), is synthesized by esterifying 2-(4-chlorophenoxy)-/yo-butyric acid (20.2.1) with ethyl alcohol. This is synthesized in a single-stage reaction from 4-chlorophenol, acetone, and chloroform in the presence of an alkali, evidently by initial formation of chlorethone-trichloro-tert-butyl alcohol, which under the reaction conditions is converted into (4-chlorophenoxy)trichloro-fert-butyl ether, and further hydrolyzed to the desired acid 20.2.1, which is further esterified with ethanol in the presence of inorganic acid [6-8]. 

Sucralose, 1,6-dichloro-1,6-dideoxy-/3-o-fructofuranosyl 4-chloro-4-deoxy-o -D-galacto-pyra-noside or 4,1, 6 -trichloro-4,l, 6 -trideoxy-ga/acfo-sucrose (Fig. 1), is a chlorinated derivative of sucrose discovered in 1976 and marketed under the brand name Splenda . Its chemical formula is C 2H 908C13 (MW 397.35). It is a white, odorless, crystalline powder that is soluble in water (280 g/L at 20°C), methanol, and ethanol. Sucralose is 400-800 times sweeter than sucrose (Table 1). It has a clean, sugarlike taste and a time-intensity profile much like that of sucrose, although more persistent. It has no bitter or any other objectionable aftertaste. It is a flavor enhancer. It shows sweetness synergism with cyclamate, acesulfame-K, and neohesperidin dihy-drochalcone (8,25,57,86). 

For alcohols, EHOMO decreases as the number of chlorines increases. The dataset is l-chloro-2-propanol 2,2/2-trichloro-l/l-ethanediol 2,2,2-trichloro-ethanol 2,2-dichloroethanol 2-chloroethanol 3-chloro-l,2-propanediol 3-chloropropanol and 4-chloro-l-butanol. HOMO represents 94.4% of the variance in the linear regression equation therefore, the probability of getting a correlation of -0.9721 for a sample size of eight is less than 1% (see Figure 5.17). 

Fisher, J.W., D. Mahle, and R. Abbas. 1998. A human physiologically based pharmacokinetic model for trichloroethylene and its metabolites, trichloroacetic acid and free trichloro-ethanol. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 152(2) 339-359. 

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