Tissue structures

Kim Ki H, So P T C, Kochevar I E, Masters B R and Gratton E 1998 Two-photon fluorescence and confocal reflected light imaging of thick tissue structures Proc. SPIE 3260 46-57... 

In the biomedical fields, the ability of the microscopist is limited only by his or her capacity to remember the thousands of distinguishing characteristics of various tissues as an aid, atlases of tissue structures have been prepared over the years. Like-... 

The geometry and structure of a bone consist of a mineralised tissue populated with cells. This bone tissue has two distinct structural forms dense cortical and lattice-like cancellous bone, see Figure 7.2(a). Cortical bone is a nearly transversely isotropic material, made up of osteons, longitudinal cylinders of bone centred around blood vessels. Cancellous bone is an orthotropic material, with a porous architecture formed by individual struts or trabeculae. This high surface area structure represents only 20 per cent of the skeletal mass but has 50 per cent of the metabolic activity. The density of cancellous bone varies significantly, and its mechanical behaviour is influenced by density and architecture. The elastic modulus and strength of both tissue structures are functions of the apparent density. 

Figure 7.2. Schematics of bone anatomy (a) the structure of a long bone demonstrating the distribution of the two different tissue structures, cortical and cancellous bone, and (b) the cells present in bone osteoblasts, bone-forming cells found on surfaces osteocytes, bone cells embedded in the mineralised matrix and osteoclasts, bone-removing cells.

Once the skeleton is formed, continual remodelling of bone tissue maintains structural integrity and creates more orderly tissue structures. Remodelling involves coupled resorption and formation on all bone surfaces in a well-defined sequence of events. The remodelling sequence has been described as activation of the surface, resorption by osteoclasts, reversal, formation by osteoblasts, and return to quiescence of the surface. In... 

Propst, F Rosenberg, M. P., Iyer, A., Kaul, K and Vande Woude, G. F. (1987). c-mos proto-oncogene RNA transcripts in mouse tissues structural features, developmental regulation, and localization in specific cell types. Mol. Cell. Biol. 7 1629-1637. 

Immersion method—In this method, the analyte contained in the tissue may pass into the matrix solution, and information regarding the analyte s localization in the complex tissue structure may deteriorate due to the migration of the analyte, which in turn is caused by the excess matrix solution on the surface of a section. For these reasons, the immersion method is rarely used today. 

IMS is a new, developing technique to visualize biomolecule maps in tissue. IMS has opened a new frontier in medicine as well as in clinical applications. Lipids and low-molecular-weight compounds in tissue sections cannot be observed with conventional microscopic or electron microscopic techniques therefore, no distribution map of these molecules in a tissue structure has been described in the scientific literature or in medical textbooks. However, IMS is bringing to light the characteristic distribution map of lipids (Fig. 21.11) this map made a major impact to lipid research. 

Results In the first series of our experiments, we studied the capabilities of optical methods to visualize internal structures of plants. OCT images of the plant show the capability of OCT to identify tissue structures at depths of 1.5-2 mm. Individual cells are clearly distinguished due to the difference in scattering properties of their structural elements. Cellular walls, for instance... 

Due to the relatively high-molecular-weight of the enzyme, conjugates formed with antibodies and P-gal tend to be much bulkier than those associated with AP or horseradish peroxidase. For this reason, antibody conjugates made with P-gal may have more difficulty penetrating tissue structures during immunohistochemical staining techniques than those made with the other enzymes. 

Four processes are concerned in the isolation of a nucleic acid. First is the destruction of the tissue structure (stage 1). A nucleoprotein complex is then separated from other cellular constituents (stage 2). This complex is dissociated and the protein is removed (stage 3) and, finally, the nucleic acid is precipitated from the resulting solution (stage 4). Disintegration of... 

Is associated with tissue structure and pathology of kidneys, liver, gills, and other hematopoietic tissues... 

Plant Cells and Tissues Structure-Function Relationships... 

Plant Cells and Tissues Structure-Function Relationships. Methods for the Cytochemical/Histochemical Localization of Plant Cell/Tissue Chemicals. Methods in Light Microscope Radioautography. Some Fluorescence Microscopical Methods for Use with Algal, Fungal, and Plant Cells. Fluorescence Microscopy of Aniline Blue Stained Pistils. A Short Introduction to Immunocytochemistry and a Protocol for Immunovi-sualization of Proteins with Alkaline Phosphatase. The Fixation of Chemical Forms on Nitrocellulose Membranes. Dark-Field Microscopy and Its Application to Pollen Tube Culture. Computer-Assisted Microphotometry. Isolation and Characterization of... 

Brambilla, A., Maffi, D., Bertolo, G., and Torreggiani, D. 2000. Effect of osmotic dehydration time on strawberry tissue structure. In ICEF 8, Eight International Congress on Engineering and Food, Book of Abstracts , p. 211. Puebla, Mexico. 

Essentially all imaging from medical ultrasound to non-destructive testing relies upon the same pulse-echo type of approach but with considerably refined electronic hardware. The refinements enable the equipment not only to detect reflections of the sound wave from the hard, metallic surface of a submarine in water but also much more subtle changes in the media through which sound passes (e. g. those between different tissue structures in the body). It is high frequency ultrasound (in the range 2 to 10 MHz) which is used primarily in this type of application because by using these... 

Following its uptake into the body, the drug is distributed in the blood (1) and through it to the various tissues of the body. Distribution may be restricted to the extracellular space (plasma volume plus interstitial space) (2) or may also extend into the intracellular space (3). Certain drugs may bind strongly to tissue structures, so that plasma concentrations fall significantly even before elimination has begun (4). 

Accumulation of homocysteine and reduced transsulfation of various compounds leads to abnormalities in connective tissue structures that cause altered blood vessel wall structure, loss of skeletal bone density (osteoporosis), dislocated optic lens (ectopia lentis), and increased risk of blood clots. 

Luke MC and Coffey DS. The male sex accessory tissues structure, androgen action, and physiology. In Knobil F and Neill JD (eds.). The Physiology of Reproduction. Vol. 1. New York Raven, 1994 1435. 

Micro-CT imaging of skeletal and soft tissue structures is fairly complex in principle, though many years of refinement have... 

An example of high-contrast resonant imaging of tissue structures with this source is shown in Figure 5.4a. Here, the white adipose tissue of a mouse omentum majus is imaged at a depth of -10 pm from the surface at a Raman shift of 2850 cm ( ump = 924 nm A tokes = 1254 nm). In contrast, for the same Raman shift, two synchronized Ti sapphire lasers (Potma et al. 2002) would typically have pump and Stokes wavelengths of -710 nm and -890 nm, respectively, and are much more strongly scattered in turbid tissue. 

About 98% of the 1.5 kg of calcium and 85% of the 1 kg of phosphorus in the human adult are found in bone. Bone is composed of two distinct tissue structures cortical... 

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