Structure-function-relationship

Structure—function relationships of prolactin among a variety of species have been pubUshed (17,18). Only one gene for prolactin appears to exist (19). Although classically placed in the category of simple protein hormones, prolactin can be glycosylated. Carbohydrate attachment occurs at Asn-31, where the consensus glycosylation sequence Asn—X—Ser is found. 

Structure— Function Relationships. Since PCBs and related HAHs are found in the environment as complex mixtures of isomers and congeners, any meaninghil risk and hazard assessment of these mixtures must consider the quaUtative and quantitative stmcture—function relationships. Several studies have investigated the stmcture—activity relationships for PCBs that exhibit 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin [1746-01-6] (1)... 

RNA structures, compared to the helical motifs that dominate DNA, are quite diverse, assuming various loop conformations in addition to helical structures. This diversity allows RNA molecules to assume a wide variety of tertiary structures with many biological functions beyond the storage and propagation of the genetic code. Examples include transfer RNA, which is involved in the translation of mRNA into proteins, the RNA components of ribosomes, the translation machinery, and catalytic RNA molecules. In addition, it is now known that secondary and tertiary elements of mRNA can act to regulate the translation of its own primary sequence. Such diversity makes RNA a prime area for the study of structure-function relationships to which computational approaches can make a significant contribution. 

Viviani, V. R. (2002). The origin, diversity, and structure function relationships of insect luciferases. Cell. Mol. Life Sci. 59 1833-1850. 

Catterall WA, Perez-Reyes E, Snutch TP et al (2005) International Union of Pharmacology. XLVIII. Nomenclature and structure-function relationships of voltage-gated calcium channels. Pharmacol Rev 57 411-425... 

MMP inhibitor development constitutes an important branch of research in both academic and industrial settings and advances our knowledge on the structure-function relationship of these enzymes. Targeting... 

Moreover, molecular modeling is one key method of a wide range of computer-assisted methods to analyze and predict relationships between protein sequence, 3D-molecular structure, and biological function (sequence-structure-function relationships). In molecular pharmacology these methods focus predominantly on analysis of interactions between different proteins, and between ligands (hormones, drugs) and proteins as well gaining information at the amino acid and even to atomic level. 

The constantly increasing amount of data coming from high throughput experimental methods, from genome sequences, from functional- and structural genomics has given a rise to a need for computer-assisted methods to elucidate sequence-structure-function relationships. 

There are two different dimensions, breadth and depth, used to reveal sequence-structure -functional relationships by computational methods [1]. 

The aim of the second dimension depth is to consider protein 3D-stmctures to uncover structure-function relationships. Starting from the protein sequences, the steps in the depth dimension are structure prediction, homology modeling of protein structures, and the simulation of protein-protein interactions and ligand-complexes. 

In general the relevance of predictions of structure-function relationships based on molecular modeling and structural bioinformatics are threefold. First they can be used to answer the question of which partners (proteins) could interact. Second, predictions generate new hypotheses about binding site, about molecular mechanisms of activation and interaction between two partners, and can lead to new ideas for pharmacological intervention. The third aim is to use the predictions for structure-based drug design. 

Cobalt(II) in metalloenzymes a report of structure-function relationships. S. Lindskog. Struct. Bonding (Berlin), 1970,8,154-196 (142). 

Basic Properties of Sulfosuccinate Diesters It is very difficult to establish general structure-function relationships for the sulfosuccinate diesters, although they are very similar in structure and functionalities. Looking at the variety known for these compounds, only different hydrocarbon chains—branched, linear, or cyclic—are in use. In the following chapter, basic properties of these compounds depending on the substituents used are described. 

Efforts to investigate the questions posed here will lead to more useful peptoid designs while simultaneously leading to a better fundamental understanding of molecular recognition and sequence/structure/function relationships in non-natural, sequence-specific peptidomimetic ohgomers. 

Kerbiriou D, Griffin J Human high molecular 27 weight kininogen. Studies of structure-function relationships and of proteolysis of the molecule occurring during contact activation of plasma. J Biol Chem 1979 245 12020-12027. 

These structure-function relationships provide extremely useful guidance for the future rational design of molecules and polymers with even higher optical nonlinearities. For non-centrosymmetric molecules such as 95, very high first hyperpolarizabilities /3 that determine the second-order nonfinear optical properties were also measured [140]. 

Szklarz GD, Halpert JR. Use of homology modeling in conjunction with site-directed mutagenesis for analysis of structure-function relationships of mammalian cytochromes P450. Life Sci 1997 61 2507-20. 

Scientists initially approached structure-function relationships in proteins by separating them into classes based upon properties such as solubility, shape, or the presence of nonprotein groups. For example, the proteins that can be extracted from cells using solutions at physiologic pH and ionic strength are classified as soluble. Extraction of integral membrane proteins requires dissolution of the membrane with detergents. 

A cloned complementary DNA to a neurotoxin precursor RNA extracted from the venom glands of Laticauda semifasciata was isolated and its nucleotide sequence was identified 11). The cloning of neurotoxin should aid the understanding of structure—function relationship eventually. 

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