Lens optics

Beckman Coulter LS series uses a dark-field reticule having an array of 500 pm holes for automatic alignment purposes. The LS uses reverse Fourier lens optics incorporated in a binocular lens system to optimize light scattering over the widest dynamic size range. Results are calculated from either Fraunhofer or Mie theories. An application of this instrument to the measurement of micro-silica mixtures has been presented [154]. 

When all the thermal lens, optical, and nonlinear effects are properly Included in a 3-0 0-R model, (15) we have a quantitative tool for measuring the thickness of thin films. 

Dovrat, A., Horwitz, J., Sivak, J.G., Weinreb, O., Scharf, J., and Silbermann, M. (1993) DL-propranolol inhibits lens hexokinase activity and affects lens optics, Exp. Eye. Res., 57, 747-751. 

Dovrat, A. and Weinreb, O. (1995). Recovery of lens optics and epithelial enzymes after ultraviolet A radiation, Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci., 36, 2417-2424. 

Mitton, K. P, Dzizloszyh.ski, T, Wierheim, J., Trevithick, J. R., and Sivak, J, (1990). Modeling conical cataractogenesis. X. Evaluation of lens optical function by computer-based image analy.si.s using an in vitro rat lens elevated glucose model. 

Martinez Ponce G, Petrova T, Tomova N, Dragostinova V, Todorov T, Nikolova L. 2004. Bifocal polarization holographic lens. Optic Lett 29 1001 1003. 

Viscoelastics are employed to coat acrylate lens optics during the folding process (whether to be manually implanted or via injection) to prevent the lens optics from sticking in the folded position. 

The tip of the irrigation/aspiration handpiece is led along the edge of the cap-sulorhexis/pupil in a circular motion through the 4 quadrants or pushed forward below the lens optic. Viscoelastic is first removed out of one half of the capsular bag and the anterior chamber, then the handle is turned 180° and begins aspiration of the other half (Fig. 106). 

Another optical arrangement for Raman mapping has proved to be convenient for a variety of cumbersome surface samples and holders, such as variable temperature or pressure cells. The focused laser spot is scanned over the stationary sample and the spectra recorded in sequence. This method is achieved by a new kind of transfer optics placed between the microscope and the spectrometer, which enables an optimized coupling. The coupling optics consist of a pair of lenses. One lens, optically coupled to the back aperture of the objective, can be moved in two orthogonal directions perpendicular to the laser beam. Thus, this lens can focus the light beam on any point... 

This text develops some topics usually neglected in other books, including the structural order in the lens, optical properties of the lens, role of lens membranes, and electrolyte transport and distribution in the lens. 

More specifically, the chapter describes lenses and lens optics, lens aberrations, the human eye, cameras and projectors, microscopes, and telescopes. 

The instrument lens optic system is designed to focus the extracted positively charged ions into an ion beam with the smallest possible diameter for maximum peak height and sensitivity. The more positively charged ions there are in a small space, the greater the respective repulsions they exert on each other. This is known as... 

Changing excitation wavelengths is complex. In the approach reported by Smith et al. [138], the grating angle must be rotated, multiple filters must be changed, and the lens optics must be recollimated. 

Much of the flexibility of imaging probes lies in the collimated space between the combiner and the sampling lens. This distance is conceptually unlimited and, in fact, high-quality Raman spectra have been obtained with 40 m between the probe optic and the probe head. This feature allows the relatively sensitive imaging, filtering, and combining elements to be remotely located from the sample. Many lens optics have been designed to make use of this feature (for further information, see Section III.B.4.b),... 

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