Tissue effectiveness

GaffeJ., Tieman,D.M and Handa,A.V (1994) Pectimnethylesterase isoforms in tomato (lycopersicon esculentum) tissues. Effects of expression of a pectinmethylesterase antisense gene. Plant Physiology. 105. 199-203. 

Effects of Metabolism on Toxicity. Whether the toxic effects seen after exposure to diisopropyl methylphosphonate are caused by the parent compound or its metabolites is unknown. Studies of IMP A show that acute-duration exposure to IMPA results in reduced motor activity, prostration, and ataxia—effects also seen after exposure to diisopropyl methylphosphonate (EPA 1992). Other studies (Little et al. 1986, 1988) show that IMPA, the major metabolite of diisopropyl methylphosphonate, has an affinity for both lung and brain tissues and will bind to proteins in these tissues—effects that were not seen after exposure to diisopropyl methylphosphonate (EPA 1992 Little et al. 1988). These data and other data on the toxicity of IMPA neither support nor contradict the data found in the diisopropyl methylphosphonate studies, so it is not possible to attribute the effects after exposure to diisopropyl methylphosphonate to IMPA. Metabolites of IMPA other than MPA have not been identified. 

Castiglione F, Degl Innocenti DR, Taddei A, et al. Real-time PCR analysis of RNA extracted from formalin-fixed and paraffin-embeded tissues effects of the fixation on outcome reliability. Appl. Immunohistochem. Mol. Morphol. 2007 15 338-342. 

Metabolic pathway Target tissue Effect of insulin Effect of glucagon... 

Target Organ Toxicity. -Hexane exposure is documented to cause toxicity in peripheral nerves of humans (both sensory and motor). In rats, -hexane exposure causes toxicity in the peripheral and central nervous system and in male reproductive tissues. Effects on respiratory tissue have been observed in mice and rabbits. The toxic agent in nervous system and reproductive tissues is believed to be the -hexane metabolite 2,5-hexanedione (Graham et al. 1995). 

For a material to be toxic (local tissue effects are largely not true toxicities by this definition), the first requirement is that it be absorbed into the organism [for which purpose being in the cavity of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract does not qualify]. Most pharmaceuticals are intended to gain such access. 

In rats, the administration of fullerene by inhalation, as nano- and microparticles generated by aerosol, does not lead to lesions and only a little increase of protein concentration in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid was obtained (Baker et al., 2007). Recently, Sayes et al. (2007) analyzed in vivo pulmonary toxicity of C60 and C60(OH)24, after intratracheal instillation in rats. They verified only transient inflammatory and cell injury effects, 1 day postexposure, without differences from water-instilled controls. No adverse lung tissue effects were measured, and the results demonstrated little or no differences in lung toxicity effects between the C60 and fiillerols, compared to controls. 

Cell Of Origin Name Action Target cells or tissues Effect... 

Greer, C. E., Peterson, S. L., Kiviar, N. B., and Manos, M. M. (1991) PCR amplification from paraffin-embedded tissues effects of fixative and fixative times. Am. J. Clin. Pathol. 95,117-124. 

Powdered lithium hydride may ignite spontaneously in humid air or on contact with moist mucous surfaces resulting tissue effects may have features of both thermal and alkali burns. ... 

Diabetes mellitus is characterized by hypergly-caemia and disturbances of carbohydrate, fat and protein metabolism that are associated with absolute or relative deticiencies in insulin action and/or insulin secretion. Although diabetes is an endocrine deficiency or resistance state its major manifestations are those of metabolic disease with wide ranging tissue effects. Insulin resistance does exist in type 2 diabetes, however it is also exists in many individuals without diabetes. It is difficult to accept insulin resistance is the sole determining pathogenic factor in type 2 diabetes. Therefore, it is more appropriate to describe type 2 diabetes as a condition of /3-cell dysfunction in an insulin resistance background. 

The fact that the microbubbles are restricted to the vascular space makes them ideal for contrast echocardiography and vascular imaging. Echocardiography is used extensively to assess ischemic heart disease. Contrast-enhanced echocardiography improves visualization of the cavities of the heart, the lumen of arteries and veins, and small vessels within solid organs and perfused tissues. Effective endocardial border delineation allows assessment of global heart function and the detection of coronary insufficiency (Fig. 12). 

Marks, L. S., D. L. Hess, F. J. Dorey, M. Luz Macairan, P. B. Cruz Santos, and V. E. Tyler. Tissue effects of saw palmetto and finasteride use of biopsy cores for in situ quantification of pros-tatic androgens. Urology 2001 57(5) 999-1005. 

Hydrocortisone enemas, foam, or suppositories are used to maximize colonic tissue effects and minimize systemic absorption via topical treatment of active inflammatory bowel disease in the rectum and sigmoid colon. Absorption of hydrocortisone is reduced with rectal administration, although 15-30% of the administered dosage is still... 

Cyclooxygenase-1 and -2 expression in rheumatoid synovial tissues. Effects of interleukin-1 beta, phorbol ester, and corticosteroids, J. Clin. Invest. 1994, 93, 1095-1101. 

Spiess H, Gerspach A, Mays CW. 1978. Soft-tissue effects following Ra injections into humans. Health Phys 35 61-81. 

Sensors implanted in experimental subjects need to be carefully calibrated prior to testing in vivo. Immediately following testing, calibration validation needs to be performed to demonstrate that the calibration was not lost during the testing procedure. It is important to maintain proper calibration to eliminate any variability produced by the sensors themselves. If sensors are not appropriately calibrated prior to experimentation, it will not be possible to get an accurate measure of the variability due to tissue effects. 

Implantation and Tissue Effects on Probe Performance for Glucose Measurements... 

Wisniewski N, Klitzman B, Miller B, Reichert WM. Decreased analyte transport through implanted membranes differentiation of biofouling from tissue effects. Journal of Biomedical Materials Research 2001, 57, 513-521. 

Schlager JJ, Powis G. Cytosolic NAD(P)H (quinone-acceptor)oxidoreductase in human normal and tumor tissue effects of cigarette smoking and alcohol. Int J Cancer 1990 45 403-409. 

Expression in Human Tissues Effects of Obesity, Weight Loss, and Regulation by Insulin and Glucocorticoids./ Clin. Invest. 99, 2416-2422. 

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