Sigmoid colon

Palpation of the abdomen may reveal left lower quadrant tenderness, which may indicate a tender sigmoid colon. 

The large intestine consists of the cecum the ascending, transverse, descending, and sigmoid colon segments and the... 

Sigmoidoscopy Visual inspection of the sigmoid colon and rectum with a flexible tube called a sigmoidoscope. 

The observed hypermotility of the sigmoid colon in many symptomatic patients provides the rationale for using anticholinergic drugs and spasmolytic agents [25]. However, the efficacy of these agents has never been clearly documented in randomized controlled trials [3,24],... 

Crohn s disease is granulomatous and in most cases it is a simultaneous disease of the ileum and colon. The primarily inflamed region is the distal ileum, and all intestinal layers are thickened. The mucosal surface is reddened, nodular, and cobblestone-Uke, with mnltiple linear ulcerations. The mucosal layer is thickened by inflammatory infiltrate, the submucosa and serosa by fibrosis, and the serosa by hypertrophy. Chronic nlcerative colitis is a systemic disease that starts at the rectum or the sigmoid colon and progresses proximally to involve the entire left side of the colon. The colonic crypts are the first sites of cell damage and death, and the disease primarily involves the mucosal layer of the intestine. 

Lie on left side during enema administration (to facilitate migration into the sigmoid colon)... 

Hydrocortisone enemas, foam, or suppositories are used to maximize colonic tissue effects and minimize systemic absorption via topical treatment of active inflammatory bowel disease in the rectum and sigmoid colon. Absorption of hydrocortisone is reduced with rectal administration, although 15-30% of the administered dosage is still... 

For the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease involving the rectum or sigmoid colon, rectally administered glucocorticoids are preferred because of their lower systemic absorption. 

Perforation of the sigmoid colon occurred in a 61-year-old Caucasian man with colonic diverticular disease and rheumatoid arthritis treated with pulses of methyl-prednisolone 1 g (153). 

Candelas G, Jover JA, Fernandez B, Rodriguez-Olaverri JC, Calatayud J. Perforation of the sigmoid colon in a rheumatoid arthritis patient treated with methylprednisolone pulses. Scand J Rheumatol 1998 27(2) 152-3. 

Intestinal permeability in humans is reportedly increased after radiation therapy [26]. The mucosal permeability in the irradiated rectum and nonirradiated sigmoid colon of patients... 

Q6 Diverticula occur most often in the sigmoid colon this area of colon is involved in up to 90% of cases of diverticulitis. What is the anatomical position of the sigmoid colon ... 

The gastrocolic reflex stimulates motility in the colon during or just after eating, when chyme enters the colon from the ileum. The content of the distal colon may be stored there for variable periods until defecation occurs, which may be 24 hours or more after eating. The rectum is normally empty and movement of faecal material into the sigmoid colon and rectum stimulates the defecation reflex. 

Q6 Diverticula are usually found in the sigmoid colon. The sigmoid colon is the section that follows the descending colon and forms the final part of the colon which leads into the rectum. It is located in the lower left side of the abdomen. 

A 76-year-old woman, who had a history of hypertension, valvular heart disease (mitral regurgitation) with chronic atrial fibrillation, chronic obstructive airways disease, diverticular disease of the sigmoid colon, and generalized anxiety disorder, developed severe hypotension with a tachycardia after taking alprazolam for 7 days. She also had severe weakness, depressed mood, and impaired gait and balance, without clinical features of neuromuscular disease. 

Kaklzaki, S., IsUkawa, T., Koyama, Y., Yamada, H., Kobayashl, R., Sohara, N., Otsnka, T., Takagi, H., Mori, M. Primary biliary cirrhosis complicated with sigmoid colonic varices the usefulness of computed tomographic angiography. Abdom. Imag. 2003 28 831 -834... 

After a barium enema, perforation occurs rarely in children and debilitated adults or when the colon is already weakened by inflammatory, malignant, or parasitic diseases. Perforation can be triggered by manipulations involved in giving the barium enema or can result from hydrostatic pressure. In one case, perforation followed air contrast insufflation for barium enema in a patient in whom the sigmoid colon became trapped in an inguinal hernia. 

Bassotti G, Calcara C, Annese V, Fiorella S, Roselli P, MoreUi A. Nifedipine and verapamil inhibit the sigmoid colon myoelectric response to eating in healthy volunteers. Dis Colon Rectum 1998 41(3) 377-80. 

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