Value Trace

Specific needs to address these issues include low-cost technologies to enhance ash/slag quality (i.e., beneficiation) recovery of high-value trace metals from ash/slag new market applications for ash/slag and sulfur and new environmental test methods for each market application to ensure public safety. 

Figure 5-44. Initial guesses for the concentration profiles, computed as the combination of the singular value traces for forward and backward EFA.

Figure 13 Comparison of different models of the trace-element composition of the lower continental crust. All values normalized to the lower-crust composition of Rudnick and Fountain (1995), which is adopted here as the best estimate of the global lower crust. Gray-shaded field represents 30% variation from this value. Trace elements are divided into the following groups (a) transition metals, (b) high-field strength elements, (c) alkali, alkaline earth, and...

By precipitation of its hydroxide, with ammonia, or with an acetate buffer at pH 4.5-5.0, Al can be separated from metals having hydroxides precipitated at higher pH values. Traces of aluminium are separated by using Ti, La, Zr, or Fe(III) as scavenger. It is possible to precipitate Al(OH)3 with ammonia at pH 5 in the presence of Fe masked by reduction to Fe(II). In order to separate aluminium from chromium, Cr(III) can be masked by oxidation to Cr(VI). The precipitation of Al(OH)3 in the presence of H2O2 enables one to separate Al from Ti and V. 

Water is obviously undesirable in electrical equipment, and the water content of transformer and other insulating oils is frequently limited to a low maximum value. Traces of water that would not influence the general run of petroleum product tests could have a very significant effect on properties such as electric strength. 

The nano-friction force, measured in torsion mode, is directly proportional to the TMR value (trace minus retrace, in volts), which is given as the difference between the lateral forces scanning left-to-right and right-to-left. Absolute adhesion and friction forces can be obtained with calibration methods but such techniques... 

Fig. 23.9 Distribution analysis of the entries contributing to the estimation of the methyl groups at position 4 of podocarpane. Bottom trace stereochemical effects are ignored leading to a useless mean value around 28 ppm (small triangle) a total number of 34 reference data contribute to this mean value. Trace A and B Utilization of stereochemical interactions separates the 34 reference data into two distinct sets of chemical shift values leading to a correct prediction for the axial and equatorial methyl group.

Tracing systems are generally not designed to raise the temperature of process fluids they are designed simply to maintain fluid temperatures at some suitable value. Tracing systems should be properly thermally insulated. 

Intermediate Format (YIF) [10], IBM s Sequential Synthesis In-core Model (SSIM) [19], CMU s well-known Value Trace (VT) [43], USC s Design Data Structure (DDS) [37], Irvine s Behavioral Intermediate Format [50] and ICarlsruhe s Internal Format (IF [17]. 

M.C. McFarland, The Value Trace A Data Base for Automated Digital Design, Design Research Center, Carnegie-Mellon University, Report DRC-01-4-80, December 1978. 

Linking values in the GDB (ISPS parse tree) and the Value Trace, and linking the behavioral and structural domains. 

Organization of the Value Trace based synthesis system, parsing a Value Trace file to build a set of data structures, ASAP control step scheduling, a graphical Value Trace display, and Value Trace metrics. 

A formal behavioral model for subsets of ISPS and the Value Trace, and proof of correctness for some of Snow s transformations. 

Parsing an ISPS description to produce a Value Trace, and some global transformations on the Value Trace. 

The Mill ISPS-to-VT translator. This program produces the value trace description from the ISPS description of the system to be built. 

The Value Trace [Snow78] is an internal control and data-flow graph representation of ISPS. This graph represents behavior in terms of operators that correspond to ISPS operators and the values that pass between them. Operators are represented by nodes in the graph. They perform a function on their inputs and produce one or more outputs. Operator inputs and outputs are connected to other operator inputs and outputs by directed edges that represent values. Each value represents an individual value of an ISPS variable or intermediate expression. Since variables may be assigned several values in an ISPS description, there may be several values for each ISPS variable. 

This chapter has described a set of behavioral and structural transformations that can be applied to the Value Trace. Lower-level transformations can be used to improve the efficiency of the design, and to facilitate higher-level transformations. Higher-level transformations can be used to explore Algorithmic Level design alternatives, including multiple processes and pipelines. Examples of this exploration are presented in Chapter 8. 

Following the final control, all of the features called for in the specification are compared with the measured values. Tracing from the glass batch to the finished product is possible using the melt number and all annealing numbers. 

MichaelC.McFarland,S.J. The Value Trace A database forautomated digital design. Master s thesis, Camegie-Mellon University, December 1978. 

Similar models are used in existing high-level synthesis systems. They include DACON in Flamel [Tri87], YIF in YSC [BCM+88], sequence, data-flow, and control graphs in the Caddy system [CR89], Value Trace in CMU s System Architect s Workbench [TDW+90], and CDFG in Elf [GK84]. 

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