Threadworm infection

Threadworm infections are caused by Enterobius vermicularis. The infestation starts when the patient ingests the worm s ova, which then hatch and infect the small intestine. The female threadworms migrate to the caecum and anus so that at night they lay their eggs in the perianal area. The eggs produce a sticky... 

Thiabendazole has broad-.spectmm anthelmintic activity. It is used to (real enterobiasis, strongyloidiasis (threadworm infection), a.scariasis, uncinariasis (hookworm infection), and trichuriasis (whipworm infection). It has also been u.sed to relieve symptoms associated with cutaneous larva migrans (creeping eruption) and the inva.sive phase of trichinosis. In addition to its use in human medicine, thiabendazole is widely used in veterinary practice to control intestinal helminths in iive.stock. 

Mebendazole is the first-choice treatment for threadworm infection. 

Which of the following statements regarding treatment of threadworm infection with mebendazole is correct ... 

Threadworm infection Strongyloides ster-coralis Pyrvinium pamoate, thiabendazole, mebendazole, levamisole... 

Pyrantel, as pyrvinium, is available as the extremely insoluble and nonabsorbed pamoic acid salt one oral dose cures pinworm and Ascaris infections. It is curious that whipworm and threadworm infections do not respond. The drug acts as a depolarizing neuromuscular blocking agent (Chapter 8) on worms, which are then paralyzed. In Ascaris muscle strips it is 100 times more active than acetylcholine. 

Thiabendazole, an anthelmintic (22 mg/kg t.i.d. after meals), is indicated for the treatment of strongyloidiasis (threadworm infection), cutaneous larva migrans (creeping eruption), and visceral larva migrans. 

Clinical use Thiabendazole is a drug of choice for visceral forms of larva migrans and is an effective drug for treatment of strongyloidiasis, cutaneous larva migrans, and threadworm infections. Thiabendazole is rapidly absorbed from the gut and is metabolized by liver enzymes. The drug has anti-inflammatory and immunorestorative actions in the host. 

Many parasitic worms cause systemic infections outside the gastrointestinal tract. These include Strong loides stercoralis (threadworm), Trichinella spiralis Dracunculus medinensis and the several species of nematodes that cause filariasis (Mansonellaperstans and Onchocerca volvulus). 

Vermox is the proprietary preparation of mebendazole, which is an anthelmintic. A single dose of mebendazole is indicated in the management of threadworms, with a second dose 2-3 weeks later avoiding re-infection, which tends to be common. 

Staphylococcus aureus, Haemophilus influenzae, Streptococcus pyogenes and Pseudomonas aeruginosa are all microorganisms that can cause otitis media. Enterobius vermicularis is a threadworm leading to an infection characterised by itchy anus and the presence of white worms. 

Vermox is a proprietary preparation of mebendazole, an anthelmintic drug indicated for threadworm or ringworm infections. Mebendazole is administered as a single dose. A second dose can be administered 2-3 weeks after the first dose to prevent re-infection. All members of the family must be treated if the infection is detected in one family member. Use of mebendazole in children under 2 years is not recommended. 

Mebendazole is a benzimidazole carbamate derivative that is used for the treatment of threadworm, roundworm, whipworm and hookworm infections. It is not recommended for women who are pregnant and in children under 2 years because the manufacturer reports that toxicity in animal studies has been reported. 

Elecampane is stated to possess expectorant, antitussive, diaphoretic, and bactericidal properties. Traditionally, it is used in the treatment of bronchial and tracheal catarrh, cough associated with pulmonary tuberculosis, and dry irritating cough in children. Alantolactone is used as an anthelmintic in the treatment of roundworm, threadworm, and whipworm infection. 

A customer comes in to buy treatment for threadworm for the third time in 6 months. She says that her 6-year-old son keeps on getting infected even though she is taking scrupulous hygiene precautions. She has no idea how he keeps on catching it. What advice would you give ... 

Worms are known as helminths and the majority is not parasitic. Classes of worms that parasitize man are round worms (nematodes) and flat worms (platyhelminths). The flat worms are divided into tapeworms (cestodes) and flukes (trematodes). Only a few human parasitic worms are common in the United Kingdom, for example threadworms and round worms. In tropical and subtropical parts of the world, where abundant water and high temperatures provide an optimal environment for the larvae and intermediate hosts, parasitic worms are common and widespread. Table 9.8 lists some parasitic worms that can infect man, their effect and drugs used to treat them. 

Mebendazole (MB) is somewhat broader in its anthelmintic spectrum. In addition to the two hookworms and Ascaris, the drug also eliminates pinworms, whipworms, and possibly threadworms. This spectrum and essentially no toxicity makes it a particularly valuable drug in mixed infections. MB is even effective against the intestinal trichinosis organism, but it may not be in the muscle form. 

The medically important intestinal nematodes responsive to drug therapy include Enterobius vermic-ularis (pinworm), Trichuris trichiuria (whipworm), Ascaris lumbricoides (roundworm), ancy-clostoma and necator species (hookworms), and Strongyloides stercoralis (threadworm). Over one billion persons worldwide are estimated to be infected by intestinal nematodes. Pinworm infections... 

Clinical use Albendazole has a wide anthelmintic spectrum. It is an alternative drug for larva migrans, for ascariasis, and for infections caused by roundworms, whipworms, hookworms, pinworms, and threadworms. Albendazole is also active against the pork tapeworm in the larval stage. 

It is widely used across the globe for the management and treatment of intestinal nematode infection. It is also quite effective as a single-dose-treatment for ascariasis, New and Old World hookworm infections, and trichuriasis. It has been observed that a recommended multi-dose therapy with albendazol may help in the complete eradication of pinworm, threadworm, capillariasis, chlonorchiasis, and hydated disease as well. However, the overall observed effectiveness of albendazole against tapeworms (cestodes) is obviously more variable and less impressive apparently. 

Trypanosoma cruzi infection. The current treatment involves noxious organic drugs, the dose being limited by the toxicity of the therapy. Helminth worms include flukes, tapeworm and roundworms, which cause a diverse range of infections all over the world. For example, the annual incidence of infection from threadworm exceeds 200 milhon cases, including high levels of infection in Europe, Canada and the US. 

Thiabendazole (Mintezo ) (XXVIII) and bephenium hydroxynaphthoate (Alcopar ) (XXIX) are now available in the United States for the treatment of intestinal parasitoses. Thiabendazole is claimed to be particularly effective against enterobiasis and strongyloidiasis (threadworm disease). Bephenium is reported to be effective against hookworm infections. 7... 

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