Effectiveness, drug

Compounds closely related to the sulfonamide antibiotics proved to be the first drugs effective against Mycobacterium leprae, the causative agent of the disease known since antiquity, leprosy. These drugs are at least partly responsible for the decline of I hose horror spots, the leper colonies. 

Cardiovascular targets assoicated with adverse drug effects. 

The co-administration of drugs which induce the metabolic enzymes in the liver or small intestine can reduce the plasma concentrations of drugs which are substrates of the enzyme, leading to reduced drug effects. For example, the plasma concentrations of many drugs which are substrates of the enzyme CYP3A4, such as cyclosporine, are decreased by coadministration of rifampicin, which is an inducer of CYP3A4. 

In general, receptor theory uses indirect mathematical models to estimate descriptors of drug effect. These descriptors still must be used with the proviso that biological systems may still modify drug effect in a system-dependent manner and thus predictions of therapeutic effect must be made with caution across different systems. 

If an immediate effect is needed, a loading dose (Dload) must be given to administer the therapeutic amount (Dload = Ao). To maintain the drug effect, the maintenance dose (D) must be administered repetitively with the administration interval (Tau). 

Prostacyclin (epoprostanol) is one of the few drugs effective for the treatment of Primary Pulmonary Hypertension (PPH) a rare but frequently fatal illness of young adults. Increased blood pressure in the pulmonary circulation leads to right-heart failure. Continuous infusion of epoprostanol leads to a decrease in blood pressure however, it is unclear whether this is due to direct dilator activity of the IP receptor acting on smooth muscle, or a more indirect mechanism. 

Define drug tolerance, cumulative drug effect, and drug idiosyncrasy. 

A cumulative drug effect may be seen in those with liver or kidney disease because these organs are the major sites for file breakdown and excretion of most... 

Drug reactions are potentially serious. The nurse should observe all patients for adverse drug reactions, drug idiosyncrasy, and evidence of drug tolerance (when applicable). It is important to report all drug reactions or any unusual drug effect to the primary health care provider. 

ADVERSE DRUG EFFECTS Information about adverse drug effects of the prescribed drug must be included when die nurse develops a teaching plan for die patient. The nurse should teach the patient the following general points about adverse drug effects ... 

All directions printed on the label (eg, shake well before using, keep refrigerated, take before meals ) must be followed to ensure drug effectiveness. 

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