The Pilot Phase

The volumes of defense TRU waste which may become candidates for disposal in WIPP are summarized in Table I. Presently, only the retrievable and yearly production portions are planned for WIPP disposal. The WIPP will have a TRU through-put capacity of 1.2 x 10 ft per year on a three shift per day basis. During the pilot phase, it is anticipated that waste volume would initially be restricted, perhaps to 500,000 ft3 per year. This volume would require about 930 truck shipments and 1,040 railcar shipments. This assumes three-fourths of the waste comes by rail. 

Technical challenges are twofold to increase the specific power of the battery towards the end of the discharge and to demonstrate in the pilot phase that the processes which have been developed for cell and battery production are capable of meeting the cost targets. 

Williams, W.P., Human Exposure to Pollutants Report on the Pilot Phase of the Human Exposure Assessment Locations Programme, United Nations Environment Programme, New York, 1992. 

Neuhaus KL, von Essen R, Tebbe U, etal. Safety observations from the pilot phase of the randomized r-hirudin for improvement of thrombolysis (HIT-111) study. Circulation 1994 90 1638-1642. 

After the end of the pilot Phase I and II studies, we moved forward to a randomized trial, Thus, from September 2003 to September 2004, 100 patients with severe stenosis in de novo coronary artery were enrolled and included in the ORAR II randomized protocol (49),... 

Omenn GS, States DJ, Adamski M, Blackwell TW, Menon R, Hermjakob H, et al. Overview of the HUPO plasma proteome project Results from the pilot phase with 35 collaborating laboratories and multiple analytical groups, generating a core dataset of 3020 proteins and a publicly-available database. Proteomics 2005 5(13) 3226-3245. 

Realization of Administrative Networking the Brain Proteome Projects 115 1.5.2.1 The Pilot Phase... 

The results and considerations of the pilot phase will be used as the basis for the activities in the main phase. The network and the bioinformatics infrastructure will allow the performance of standardized differential analysis of neurodegene-rative diseases. 

Hurwitz ES, Barrett MJ, Bregman D, Gunn WJ, Schonberger LB, Fairweather WR, et al. Public Health Service study on Reye s syndrome and medications Report of the pilot phase. N Engl J Med 1985 313 849-57. 

By taking into consideration the total emissions determined bottom-up of the plants covered by emissions trading which amount to 501 Mt CO2 for the 2000-2002 base period, a total annual number of 499 million European Union Allowances (EUA) was reached for Germany for the pilot phase of the EU ETS, from the above-mentioned top-down emissions target of 503 Mt CO2 for the period 2005-2007. 

It became clear, however, that such an approach could only be partially implemented within the political process. Ultimately, the effective compliance factor, i.e. the relation between the allocated allowances and the historical emissions of the base period, played the central role in all of the negotiations. In order to meet the maximum fulfilment factor of 0.97, which constituted the political target, special allocation rules were modified on the one hand (e.g. a reduction of the special allocation for CHP), and the new entrants reserve was reduced on the other hand. Furthermore, the aggregated emission cap for the pilot phase 2005-2007 was increased. Nevertheless, contrary to the stated political objective, the underestimation of the effects of the flexibilisa-tion option finally led, to rise up to a 0.926 of the effective compliance factor for the affected plants. 

On the basis of this analysis the terms of reference required a recommended allocation for the first commitment period and the pilot phase of the ETS. The terms of reference also required recommendations in relation to a quantity of Kyoto credits to be purchased by government and in relation to the treatment of new entrants in the ETS. 

Attempts to distribute the burden on the basis of marginal cost analysis as originally planned proved to be difficult given the increasing uncertainty with marginal cost analysis at beyond 20 per tonne. This led to the eventual recommendation that the burden be divided on a prorata basis according to share of national emissions. The state would therefore be required to purchase 3.7 million allowances on behalf of the emission sources not directly participating in the ETS, while the recommended allocation to the direct ETS participants was reduced by 2.1 million per year. With this split made for the first commitment period the recommended total quantity for the pilot phase was based on the BAU emissions less reductions available domestically at a cost of less that 10 per tonne. The recommended allocation was therefore 22.148 million per year, or 96.5% of base case emissions. 

Children s scores on the auditory comprehension scale of the Preschool Language Scale were also inversely associated with maternal-hair Hg concentrations (p = 0.0019). Scores declined approximately 2.5 points across the range of Hg concentrations. Additional analyses identified several outlier or influential data points, whose exclusion finm the analyses reduced the estimates of the Hg effect substantially, sometimes to nonsignificance. In the pilot phase of the SCDS, information was not collected on several key variables that frequently confoimd the association between neurotoxicant exposures and child development. Those variables are socioeconomic status, caregiver inteUigence, and qirality of the home environment. 

The following negotiations in the Intergovernmental Negotiating Committee and the Conference of the Parties of the Framework Convention led to the establishment of a pilot phase of Activities Implemented Jointly to gain experience in cooperative projects to reduce emissions. The pilot phase permits Annex I... 

During the pilot phase it has hecoine evident that activities implemented jointly tace problems ot a practical nature. In particular, it is difficult to establish the basis ot reference (i.e., the emissions prior to the joint implementation) and to verify the actual reductions to be credited WBGU. Study, Targets for Climate Protection, t997, 27. 

Ultimately, questions of standardization in the design and operation of emissions trading systems are applicable beyond the EU. To the extent that future climate regimes link different domestic trading systems, similar issues are likely to arise. Thus, the balance between centralized and decentralized features in the EU system should be closely evaluated during the pilot phase of the program. 

There were a number of practical issues that the pilot phase had highlighted, such as the option for inspectors to use a facility for on-site analysis that is in close proximity but outside the perimeters of the inspected facility (in other words, in-country off-site ) to obtain supplies needed for analysis from local sources, or to shift the check of inspection equipment from the point of entry to the inspection site. 

Recycling procedures have also been developed fairly recently for the newer lithium primary and secondary systems. They are currently in the pilot phase but the early stages look promising. Thus, for example, the Mulheim-based company Accurec has developed the RVD (recycling through vacuum distillation) procedure for lithium manganese oxide (Li-MnO ) batteries (see Figure 19.12). 

However, it is important to note that only one parameter can be used as scale-up criterion and that this has to be chosen during the piloting phase. 

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