Political process

A. I believe that participation in the political process is in order— to express whatever views a person might have. I think that is about all the average person might do, but it is something that we are inclined not to do, and I think this legislation is important enough to act on. 

The SubChem project was developed in the context of discovered deficits in regulating, assessing and dealing with chemicals in Germany and Europe. The project work coincided with review of the EU chemicals pohcy with the result that the initial scientific results of SubChem were also able to contribute to the political process surrounding the chemicals White Paper and the REACH ordinance. 

Thomas, P, (1997, January 30), Study Suggests Black Male Prison Rate Impinges on Political Process, The Washington Post, p. A3,... 

Risk assessment is a multi-step process to relate the association of exposure to a chemical or physical agent with adverse outcome. Initially the focus was human health but now it has broadened to include wider environmental and ecological concerns. Risk management is a more overtly political process directed at determining an action based on relevant public and environmental health goals, cost, societal issues, and other related or even unrelated issues. An important part of risk management is balancing the risks, costs, and benefits - never an easy task. 

This section deals with the interpretation or effects of specific existing gun laws and proposed legislation. Also included are works dealing with the political process as it impacts gun legislation, including the activities of lobbying or advocacy groups. 

Surely a 480 percent increase in the number of psychiatric abnormalities over fifty years cannot result solely from dispassionate scientific discovery. The transition from disorder to disease and the proliferation of such diseases are more a function of cultural, economic, and political processes than scientific advances. In fact, the sharpest critics of psychiatry s current stance maintain that, except for a few major psychotic illnesses, there is no evidence that the multiplication of conditions listed as brain diseases in the DSM warrant that designation. 

The chapter concludes by reviewing some of the outcomes you might seek from the political process ... 

Both the Fischer-Tropsch reaction and the Mobil process enable one to convert synthesis gas into hydrocarbons. Since synthesis gas may be obtained from coal, we have in effect a means of converting coal u> gasoline. Geimany moved its Panzer Korps in World War II with synthetic fuels made from (he Fischer-Tropsch reaction, and improved technological developments have enhanced the attractiveness of the process. South African Synthetic Oil Limiied fSASOLJ currently operates several modern Fischer-Tropsch plants. Many organometallic chemists refer to both the Fischer-Tropsch and Mobil processes as political processes 1 2 because they are heavily subsidized by countries that find it important to be independent of foreign oil. 

We show the evidence that for an energy paradigm to succeed the merits of technology do not suffice instead four factors have to be well aligned with articulated actions the sustainability factor the technological the market factors and the policy factors. But it is on top of this common action of these factors the political process which takes the lead in the change process. 

A 2006 Special Issue of the Energy Policy Journal (34(8)) analyses the European experience with eco-taxation and points to deeper underlying issues about the degree of public understanding and trust in political processes. A Swedish survey also underlines that attitudes to carbon taxation are directly related to the degree of trust in politicians, more even than an individual s own exposure to the taxes (Hammar and Jagers, 2006). 

My understanding of social movement dynamics owes much to the variously termed but basically similar resource mobilization, political process, and contentious politics perspectives. See McAdam et al. (1996), McAdam et al. (2001), and Tarrow (1998). 

The Jacobs family, Max Fisher, the Bronfman brothers these figures stand behind organized crime, the drag traffic, and the systematic corruption of the political process in nearly every... 

Disarmament, chemical or otherwise, is an ongoing political process. Since the inception of the CWC, the world community has taken many positive steps in order to achieve the goals set out in its detailed provisions. Indeed, there have been enduring and positive highlights in the implementation of the CWC. ... 

This book is about waking up, a necessary step to create the foundation for inner peace as well as greater effectiveness in the world. It is about the psychological and cultural processes that create inner conflict, delusion, needless suffering, and hostility in us, that unnecessarily divide us from others, that deepen our sleep. Few of us may be in a position to have a decisive influence on world peace, but the cultivation of our own inner resources can create peacefulness and effectiveness in action in ourselves and the people we come into contact with, and this can spread. As we attack those near us less and care for them more, we start to have an effect on the kinds of political processes that need enemies for hidden psychological reasons. It is my hope that furthering the creation of inner peace in people will contribute to outer peace in the world. 

In this study of Marx s theory of political institutions and political processes, the focus will largely be on the capitalist societies that Marx observed around 1850. The discussion will build upon and extend that of the previous chapter, to take fuller account of the specifically political dynamics of the class struggle. Also Marx s predictions for the communist revolution and his visions about the post-revolutionary society will be studied in some detail, supplementing discussions in earlier chapters. 

These similarities are offset by contrasts in their health insurance arrangements, access of patients to the political process, the authority wielded by physicians, and social insurance systems. For example, health care in the United States is generally seen as a private good associated with individual choice and the availability of menus for insurance, thereby rationing care by price. In Germany, by contrast, health care is seen primarily as a right or entitlement. It serves as an instrument of broader social justice, and rationing, if at all, is controlled by providers on a local and individual level. 

The plant rule involving the compulsory closure notification and the shutdown supposition should the emission level be lower than 10% of the annual average emissions within the base period has been replaced in the political process by extensive ex-post adjustments. The issue of emission allowances is reduced, if the annual emissions of a plant due to production cuts are lower than the threshold value of 60% of the annual average emissions within the base period. From this point, the operators must return the surplus allowances to the authorities. 

It became clear, however, that such an approach could only be partially implemented within the political process. Ultimately, the effective compliance factor, i.e. the relation between the allocated allowances and the historical emissions of the base period, played the central role in all of the negotiations. In order to meet the maximum fulfilment factor of 0.97, which constituted the political target, special allocation rules were modified on the one hand (e.g. a reduction of the special allocation for CHP), and the new entrants reserve was reduced on the other hand. Furthermore, the aggregated emission cap for the pilot phase 2005-2007 was increased. Nevertheless, contrary to the stated political objective, the underestimation of the effects of the flexibilisa-tion option finally led, to rise up to a 0.926 of the effective compliance factor for the affected plants. 

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