Textile fibers classification

Figure 1.2. Classification of fibers. This is different from the commonly used classification of textile fibers. In the textile fiber classification, fibers are divided into natural fibers and man-made fibers.

Classification by usage or appHcation is the principal system adopted by the Colour Index (5). Because the most important textile fibers are cotton (qv) and polyester, the most important dye types are those used for dyeing these two fibers, including polyester—cotton blends (see Fibers, polyester). 

Dyes are classified in accordance with either the chemical constitute or their application to textile fibers for coloring purposes. Table 1 gives this classification... 

Eastern North American archaeological textiles colorant classification, 15-43 colorant testing protocol, 29-39 coloration, literature review, 16-17 fiber and particulate residues, infrared examination, 44-77... 

Synonyms Pareth-25-2 PEG-2 Cl 2-15 alcohol Classification Linear alcohol ethoxylate Definition PEG ether of a mixt. of syn. C12-15 fatty alcohols with avg. 2 moles EO Properties Nonionic Toxicoiogy TSCA listed Uses Emulsifier, dispersant for cosmetics intermediate for phosphate esters and sulfation textile fiber lubricant/antistat Trade Name Synonyms Nikkol BD-2 [Nikko Chems. Co. Ltd... 

The classification of fibers has been defined by many people, and it is generally accepted that they can be divided broadly into natural fibers and chemical fibers. Figure 3.2 shows the classification of textile fibers. 

Table 3. Classification of High Performance Fibers and High Technology Textiles by Property...

Another way to classify high performance fibers and high technology textile materials or products is by types of appHcations. A scheme of 10 main categories has been adopted (Table 4) and is similar to several classification schemes previously reported (28). 

At the gin, baled cotton is sampled so that grade and other quality parameters can be determined and the cotton is classed at the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) classing offices. Classification is a way of measuring the fiber quality and physical attributes of this natural product that affect the manufacturing efficiency and quality of the finished product (see Chapter 8). Cotton bales are usually stored in warehouses prior to going to the textile mill [42]. 

The U.S. HVI system for the classification of fiber quality and instrumentation for measuring other fiber properties are becoming more widely used all over the industrialized world, as well as in some developing countries for determining the proper laydown and mix for processing cotton in textile mills. Therefore, the U.S. system will be described in more detail than the other classing systems. Information also is given on how the various quality parameters can affect cotton fiber chemistry. 

In laboratory studies, fibers are fractured under controlled conditions. Thus, such studies are useful when attempting to diagnose the cause of damage present in used textiles. Hearle et al. have done extensive studies on fiber fracture. They have presented a classification consisting of six types of fiber failure that occur in laboratory tensile tests (3). With respect to this discussion, Types 2, 3, 5, and 6 are relevant. 

The purpose of this research was to assist in the authentication and identification of the fabrics in the collection. Much of the overall work had to do with the classification of the textiles with regard to fiber content, yam construction, weaving technique, and place of origin or provenance. Through the use of microanalysis we were able to improve... 

Microscopic examination All fibers have distinguishing features that allow either outright identification or classification into a narrower grouping for specialized analysis. Animal hair fibers, for example, have a characteristic scaled surface. In addition, many textile yarns are blends of two or more fiber types. A simple examination with a normal light microscope can establish this and allow the components of the yam to be separated for more detailed evaluation. The major identifying characteristics are ... 

This book chapter evaluates the definition, classification, and scope of POCs in different applications. POCs represent one of the most widely used polymeric materials. Synergistic reactions between the polymer matrix and filler materials (particulate, fiber, and structural fillers) result in modified properties. This book chapter contributes a brief introduction followed by a definition of processing and an extensive illustration of the different applications of POCs in a variety of fields (consumer, medical, agricultural, packaging, transportation, electrical, construction, and textile). POCs with natural wood fiber are widely used in consumer applications. They result in wood-like texture and properties with the cost of plastic. 

Classification Quaternary ammonium salt Formula [RN(CH3)3] "Cr, R rep. alkyl groups from coconut oil Properties Cationic Toxicology TSCA listed Uses Emulsifier dispersant corrosion inhibitor for oil field brines and HCI acidizing systems antistat and lubricant for syn. fibers, plastics bactericide fungicide disinfectant sanitizer antimicrobial, antistat, surfactant in cosmetics textile softener, antistat germicide (duckweed killer) for water treatment, petrol, industry... 

Classification Modified propylene copolymer Uses Prod, of ionic/nonionic/cationic wax disps. primer for fiber-reinforced plastics, difficult-to-bond substrates antislip agent in floor care prods. release agent for aluminum diecasting handle modifier for textile nonslip applies. 

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