Tetrahydrocannabinols analysis

Tetrahydrocannabinol—Analysis—Congresses. 2. Tetrahydrocannabinol—Metabolism—Congresses. 3. Chemistry, Pharmaceutical—Congresses. 

Szirmai M (1995) Total synthesis and analysis of major human urinary metabolites of dl-tetrahydrocannabinol, the principal psychoactive component of Cannabis sativa L. Dissertation, Uppsala University, Sweden... 

M. Kala, M. Kochanowski. The Determination of A9-Tetrahydrocannabinol (9THC) and 11-nor-9-Carboxy-A9-Tetrahydrocannabinol (THCCOOH) in Blood and Urine Using Gas Chromatography Negative Ion Chemical Ionisation Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS-NCI), Chemical Analysis (Warsaw), 51, 2006. 

High sensitivity full scan analysis of D3-11 NOR-9-carboxyl 7-9 tetrahydrocannabinol by the ion-trap detector. Finnigan MAT Application Data Sheet PADS 14. 

Leweke M, Kampmann C, Radwan M, Dietrich DE, Johannes S, Emrich HM, Munte TF. (1998). The effects of tetrahydrocannabinol on the recognition of emotionally charged words an analysis using event-related brain potentials. Neuropsychobiology. 37(2) 104-11. 

Fernandez MDR, Wille SMR, Samyn N, Wood M, Lopez-Rivadulla M, De Boeck G (2009) On-line solid-phase extraction combined with liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry for high throughput analysis of 1 l-nor-Delta(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol-9-carboxylic acid in urine. J Chromatogr B 877(22) 2153—2157. doi 10.1016/j.jchromb.2009.04.047... 

Robandt PV, Klette KL, Sibum M (2009) Automated solid-phase extraction-liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry analysis of 1 l-nor-Delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol-9-car-boxylic acid in human urine specimens application to a high-throughput urine analysis laboratory. J Anal Toxicol 33(8) 456 f60... 

Clinical investigations of A -tetrahydrocannabinol (4,5) and ll-hydroxy-A -tetrahydrocannabinol (6) have relied upon analysis by radioactive labeling. However, the study of distribution, metabolism and excretion of the drug and its metabolites under chronic or "street" conditions demands nonradioactive analytical procedures. When plasma suspensions of l c-A -tetrahydrocan-nabinol were administered intravenously to three dogs at doses of 0.1 - 2.0 mg/kg and plasma levels of 1 were followed for up to 7000 minutes, no significant differences were seen in 1 plasma levels as determined by liquid scintillation and electron capture detection (GLC) after HPLC collection. 

Effect of HPLC Separation on GLC Analysis of A9-Tetrahydrocannabinol in Plasma (15)... 

An equal amount of A9-tetrahydrocannabinol and 11-hydroxy-A9-tetrahydrocannabinol in 2 ml dog plasma (the pH was adjusted between 9.5 and 11.0 by addition of 0.1 N Na2C03 prepared from water purified using a Bondapak C 18R column) was extracted in a silylated tube by heptane with 1.5% isoamyl alcohol. In this extract, the compounds were separated from a majority of extracted components by reverse phase HPLC. The reduction in potential contaminants from plasma observable on GLC was demonstrated by flame ionization GLC analysis (17,18) both before and after HPLC treatment (Fig. 6). 

The recovery of 1 from the heptane extract of dog plasma by normal phase HPLC was reproducible over the range of plasma concentrations studied. Equivalent overall recoveries were obtained by both radiochemical analysis (83.7 1.8% SE) and electron-capture GLC analysis (84.0 4.9% SE) of the derivatized tetrahydrocannabinol. ... 

The plasma of a dog intravenously administered solutions of l c-A -tetrahydrocannabinol was monitored with time after heptane extraction by both radiochemical analysis and electron-capture GLC of the derivative of the appropriately collected eluate fraction from normal phase HPLC. Typical plots of the time course of the results from both methods are given in Figure 7. 

The procedure for GLC analysis gave a lower limit for quantitation of 1 in plasma of approximately 1 ng/ml from twice the standard deviation (0.32 ng) obtained for the amount of 1 recovered from 2.25 ng in 2 ml of plasma. Similarly, the procedure for radiochemical analysis gave a lower limit of approximately 0.2 ng/ml from twice the standard deviation (0.084 ng). A statistical analysis of the apparent differences between the tetrahydrocannabinol assays at a given time from both analytical methods showed no significance. 

HPLC Analysis of a 9-Tetrahydrocannabinol and Metabolites in Biological Fluids... 

The X-ray crystal structure of A1 -tetrahydrocannabinolic acid B is reported,362 and one of the previously reported (Vol. 4, p. 75) dihydrobenzofurans from the citric acid-catalysed condensation of orcinol with menth-4-en-3-ol is shown to be (256) by X-ray analysis.363 G.c.-m.s. assay of A -THC-OMe allows the detection of 1 ng mP1 plasma of A -THC.364 The mass spectral fragmentation of A -THC, A6-THC, and some isomeric cannabinoids to the prominent m/e 231 ion has been examined.365 Miniaturized syntheses of 32 natural, or potentially natural, cannabinoids are reported in connection with their chromatographic analysis.366... 

Elsohly, M. A., Jones, A. B., Elsohly, H. N., and Stanford, D. F., Analysis of the major metabolite of delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol in urine. VI. Specificity of the assay with respect to indole carboxylic acids, /. Anal. Toxicol., 9, 190, 1985. 

This is also true for hash oil, and all three materials wifi be considered in the following sections. This involves the identification of the principle drugs which characterize the plant, namely A -tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), CBD and CBN. For bulk samples, the analysis follows the sequence, presumptive test, TLC and... 

This method can be used to identify the pattern of compounds typical of cannabis. It can also be used to determine whether or not cannabinol is present in the sample. Cannabinol is the breakdown product of -tetrahydrocannabinol. If this is present, the sample is understood to have started to decompose and it should not be used for comparative purposes. It is for this reason that analysis for comparative purposes is not generally carried out more than three months after sample seizure. 

In order to identify cannabis products, one of the most frequently used methods is gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The identification relies on the presence of A -THC, CBD and CBN in the sample, and to a lesser extent, the presence of A -THC (the isomer of the active principle of cannabis) and A -tetrahydrocannabinolic acid. The following presents a method that has been found to work, although there are a number of similar methods reported in the literature [9], The sample is prepared for GC-MS analysis as follows ... 

Two new propyl-side-chain cannabinoids are propyl homologues of cannabi-chromene and cannabigerol. Butyl homologues of A -THC, cannabinol, can-nabidiol, and A -tetrahydrocannabinolic acid have been detected. The structure of cannabispiran (257) has been determined by X-ray analysis. By observing the... 

Tetrahydrocannabinol (marijuana) is rapidly metabolized in the body to the tetrahydrocannibinol carboxylic acid or THC (Fig. 8.5). It is the THC metabolite that is commonly monitored in urine for drug analysis of marijuana. Because the THC structure contains both a phenolic hydroxyl group and a car-... 

Higgs S, WUliams CM, Kirkham TC (2003) Cannabinoid influences on palatability mi-crostructural analysis of sucrose drinking after delta(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol, anandamide, 2-arachidonoyl glycerol and SR141716. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 165 370-377... 

Christopoulos A, Coles P, Lay L, Lew MJ, Angus JA (2001) Pharmacological analysis of cannabinoid receptor activity in the rat vas deferens. Br J Pharmacol 132 1281-1291 Crawford WJ, Merritt JC (1979) Effects of tetrahydrocannabinol on arterial and intraocular... 

Kemp PM, Abukhalaf IK, Manno JE, Manno BR, Alford DD, Abusada GA (1995a) Cannabinoids in humans. I. Analysis of delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol and six metabolites in plasma and urine using GC-MS. J Anal Toxicol 19 285-291... 

B Law, PA Mason, AC Moffat, LJ King, A novel 125I radioimmunoassay for the analysis of delta 9-tetrahydrocannabinol and its metabolites in human body fluids. J Anal Toxicol 8 14, 1984. 

---