Testing — Practice

Corrosion tests for organic coatings can be divided into two categories  

Test r imes that age the coating. These are the accelerated test methods, including single stress tests, such as the salt spray, or cycUc tests such as the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) D5894. 

Measurements of coating properties before and after aging. These tests measure such characteristics as adhesion, gloss, and barrier properties (water uptake). 

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Disinfection tests can be classified according to the test organism, ie, whether the test employs certain species of bacteria, fungi, or vimses classified as to whether it is a static test or a cidal test, as in a bactericidal vs bacteriostatic test or sporicidal vs sporistatic test or classified as to whether it is a microbial reduction test or an end-point test where all the organisms in the test are apparently killed. Procedures may be distinguished by in vitro or in vivo testing. Another way to consider tests is whether they are screening tests, practical type laboratory tests, or field tests. 

Drawing inferences from the literature available on the subject (see the further reading at the end of the chapter), based on laboratory tests, practical experience and the field data available, deratings for different configurations are shown in Table 28.7 which should be sufficient to account for the likely proximity effects... 

Although testing practices may vary between manufacturers, Elliott s approach is considered representative of experience-hased testing of hot gas turhoexpanders. 

Practice for making and using U-bend stress corrosion test specimens Recommended practice for laboratory immersion corrosion testing of metals Method for vibratory cavitation erosion test Practice for recording data from atmospheric corrosion tests of metallic-coated steel specimens... 

Test method for determining the susceptibility to intergranular corrosion of 5XXX series aluminium alloys by mass loss after exposure to nitric acid (NAMLT test) Practice for liquid sodium corrosion testing of metals and alloys... 

Table 2.5 Some practical problems with relevant statistical tests Practical problems...

In 1960, the highest of three pre-test practice trials served as the baseline value for the Number Facility (NF) test and we continued with this definition in 1961. Subjects continued to improve, however, even while under the influence of BZ and by the time they returned to clinical normalcy, their NF scores were usually 10-20% higher than at the start. It was obvious that this sort of improvement could confound estimates of the true time of recovery. 

Process relief valve lifted due to improper pressure testing practices (added nitrogen too fast). 

Inspections are testing practices in which source code and documentation are examined in either a formal or informal manner in order to discover errors, violations of standards, inconsistencies, and other problems. The objectives of these reviews are to verify the following ... 

To supplement laboratory tests, practical trials of this paint were made at the Navy Fire Fighter Schools at Norfolk, Va., and Boston, Mass. These trials were somewhat crudely conceived, as might be expected from the state of knowledge at that time, but the satisfactory performance demonstrated by the fire-retardant paint was sufficient, under the pressure of circumstances then existing, to warrant its adoption. Actual experience has amply demonstrated that it functions exceptionally well as a fire-retardant coating, but the same experience has equally shown the need for improvement in ease of cleaning. 

Were there performance tests that confirmed the design HETPs Were the performance tests conducted rigorously (see Ref. 40 for good testing practices), or did they simply consist of taking sets of readings ... 

One of the ABCs of any covert operation is the time-tested practice of securing middlemen — or, to use the professional expression, "cutouts" — that effectively conceal the identities of the stage managers who run the show from behind the lace and velvet curtains. From the top all the way down to the street level, Dope, Incorporated is run through layer upon layer of such cutouts. 

The following testing practice for continuous wave optical radiation sources as a part of explosion protected electrical apparatus has been introduced by PTB ... 

It is part of the early decision-making process to assess which parts of the LIMS are to be subject to full validation and which are to be covered by good IT or engineering testing practice. The function of LIMS within the company computing architecture may mean that it is utilized for both product quality related and non-product-quality-related activities. The validation determination for LIMS ensures that the validation effort is focused toward those system elements with direct GxP impact. The justification for validating only certain parts of LIMS must be based on an assessment of the GxP criticality of the data in the LIMS database, the use of the data and the sources of the data. In the ideal world LIMS would be dedicated to GxP activities. However, the economics of the system may mean that it is not practical to separate GxP and non-GxP activities into separate systems. 

Arny (18) reported the first survey ever done to determine what the common pharmaceutical photostability testing practices of his day were. At the time, little modern equipment (radiometers, spectrophotometers, etc.) was available and window glass filtered daylight was the primary source of radiation used. All of the exposures used at the time were time based and any variations in intensities were not possible to compensate for, at that time. The results of his survey have already been discussed earlier in this chapter. 

Baertschi SW. Photostability testing practical issues related to sample exposure. Photostability, a 1997 Update Scientific, Regulatory, and Practical Issues, AAI Seminar Series, Arlington, VA, February 24-25, 1997. 

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