Office equipment

Acrylonitrile—Butadiene—Styrene. Available only as sheet, ABS has good toughness and high impact resistance. It is readily therm oform able over a wide range of temperatures and can be deeply drawn. ABS has poor solvent resistance and low continuous-use temperature. It is often used in housings for office equipment (see Acrylonitrile polymers). 

Space, furniture, and office equipment Acquisition or rental Operation Maintenance... 

A substantial part of the market for the ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer is for hot melt adhesives. In injection moulding the material has largely been used in place of plasticised PVC or vulcanised rubber. Amongst applications are turntable mats, base pads for small items of office equipment and power tools, buttons, car door protector strips and for other parts where a soft product of good appearance is required. Cellular cross-linked EVA is used in shoe parts. 

Other important application areas in both regions are household appliances, consumer electronic equipment, refrigerator sheeting, toys, telephones, office equipment, recreational equipment, luggage and as a modifier for PVC. 

See also Electric Vehicles Fuel Cells Fuel Cell Vehicles Office Equipment Storage Storage Technology. 

Additionally, as a response to rising energy prices and uncertainty of supply, several states adopted appliance efficiency standards. At the federal level, the National Appliance Energy Consei vation Act of 1987 established the first national standards for refrigerators and freezers, furnaces, air conditioners, and other appliances. The Energy Policy Act of 1992 added national standards for incandescent and fluorescent lights, small electric motors, office equipment, and plumbing products. 

Although the manufacturing sector continued its decline in the production of energy-intensive products, between 1986 and 1997 the service sector continued to grow. Not only did the commercial building stock increase, but the use of office equipment—from computers to copy machines—has grown rapidly. In just three years, between 1992 and 1995, the number of personal computers and computer terminals m commercial buildings increased from 29.8 million to 43 million (45%). 

Energy use for office equipment ranks behind only lighting, heating, and air conditioning in the commercial sector. And because of growing use of office equipment, the hope is that more efficient equipment tvill offset the greater use. 

Office equipnient is an end use that generally is regarded to consist of five major products personal computers, monitors, copiers, printers, and fax machines. This equipment can be defined by characteristics such as size and speed. Although office equipnient is used in homes, this article focuses on office equipment energy use in actual offices. 

Many office equipment models consume some electricity when nominally off. This results in leaking or standby energy use. Usually this amounts to... 

Power management capability has reached most office equipment, but on many devices the feature is not enabled or (for some PCs or monitors) is prevented from functioning. Equipment with functioning power management or that is turned off manually at night and on weekends use considerably less, and devices left fully on constantly use much more. 

Overall, office equipment currently uses about 7 percent of all commercial sector electricity, with that traction projected to gi ow to about 8 percent by 2010. Total electricity used by office equipment would grow from 58 TWli in 1990 to 78 TWli in 2010 in the absence of Energy Star or any other government policies. While total energy use for office equipment has grown rapidly in recent years, this growth is likely to... 

Kawamoto, K. Koomey, J. G. Nordman, B. Brown, R. E. Piette, M. A. and Meier, A. K. (2000). A Simplified Analysis of Electricity Used by Office Equipment and Network Equipment in the U.S. In Proceedings of the ACEEE 2000 Summer Study on Energy Efficiency in Buildings. Washington, DC American Council for an Energ -Efficient Economy. 

Koomey, J. G. Cramer, M. Piette, M. A. and Eto, J. H. (1995). Efficiency Improvements in U.S. Office Equipment Expected Policy Impacts and Unceiaamties. Report No. LBNL-41332. Berkeley, CA Lawrence Berkely National Laboratoiy. 

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. (1999). Energy Star Office Equipment Program, . 

Office Equipment Mary Ann Piette Bruce Nordmau... 

Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratoty, Berkeley, CA Office Equipment (with Mary Ann Piette)... 

Toys, office equipment, sports equipment and shop furniture also provide large markets for decorative coatings of nickel or nickel plus chromium. 

The field laboratory must have running water, lavatory facilities, and electricity to facilitate hygiene of the Field Scientist crew and also to facilitate the use of air pump battery chargers and office equipment such as portable copiers which may be of value during the course of the field research. 

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