Test method thermal insulation

The American standard ASTM D-2307 [12] provides a test method for measuring Relative thermal endurance properties of film insulated magnet wire . The ageing philosophy is similar to that required by IEC 60216 [9] and is based on the Arrhenius ageing model. Oven ageing is carried out at three specific temperatures. The samples are twisted wire... 

ASTM D-2307, Standard Test Method for Thermal Endurance of Film-Insulated Round Magnet Wire, 2001. 

A variation, which results in a more simple apparatus, is the drop calorimeter. The test piece is heated (or cooled) externally, dropped into the calorimeter and the resultant change in temperature monitored. For the simplest measurements, the calorimeter need not be surrounded by an adiabatic jacket but in that case, corrections for the heat exchange with the surroundings must be applied. A procedure using a drop calorimeter has been standardized for thermal insulation in ASTM C35l". It is possible to combine the adiabatic and drop calorimeter methods by dropping a heated sample into an adiabatic chamber and this has been used for plastics12. 

ASTM C351, 1999. Standard test method for the mean specific heat of thermal insulation. 

BS 874-3.1, 1987. Methods for determining thermal insulating properties. Tests for thermal transmittance and conductance. Guarded hot box method. 

ASTM D-3151. Standard Test Method for Thermal Failure of Solid Electrical Insulating Materials Under Electric Stress. 

ASTM C-351. Standard Test Method for Mean Specific Heat of Thermal Insulation. 

Within ASTM, technical committees associated with plastics, electrical materials, textiles, protective clothing, thermal insulation, consumer products, detention and correctional facilities, and ships have developed tests that are often application tests that are of specific interest to the products involved. One fire test has spawned more application standards than any other, primarily because of its vast use in the United States ASTM E 84 (Steiner tunnel). Thus, NFPA 262, UL 1820, UL 1887, ASTM E 2231, ASTM E 2404, ASTM E 2573, ASTM E 2579, and ASTM E 2599 are all test methods and practices based on the Steiner tunnel test. In some cases, the base apparatus is being modified (although usually it is permissible to conduct the ASTM E 84 test in the apparatus of the other test, but it is often not permissible to conduct the other test in any apparatus complying with the ASTM E 84 apparatus). The other test method that has resulted in many application standards is the cone calorimeter the standards are ASTM D 5485, ASTM D 6113, ASTM E 1474, ASTM E 1740, and ASTM F 1550. 

NFPA 274 Standard Test Method to Evaluate Fire Performance Characteristics of Pipe Insulation NFPA 275 Standard Method of Fire Tests for the Evaluation of Thermal Barriers Used Over Foam Plastic Insulation... 

Measurement of flame spread under external heat flux is necessary where the thermal radiation is likely to impinge on the textile materials, for example, the flooring material of the building or transport vehicles whose upper surfaces are heated by flames or hot gases, or both. The French test method, NF P 92-503 Bruleur Electrique or M test involves radiant panel for testing flame spread of flexible textile materials. This test method (flame spread under external heat flux) is the basis of that used by the FAA (Federal Aviation Administration) for assessing flammability of textile composites used in thermal/acoustic insulation materials (FAR 25.856 (a)) used in aircraft and has also been included by the EU for fire test approval of floorings such as prEN ISO 9239 and BS ISO 4589-1. 

Methods for Testing Shellac Used for Electrical Insulation Test Methods Relating to Moisture Absorption Test Methods Relating to Coefficient of Thermal Expansion Test Methods for Testing Rubber Cements... 

ASTM C 165-91 Standard Test Method for Measuring Compressive Properties of Thermal Insulation, 5 (DOD Adopted) (Area MISQ (84) (Comm C-16)... 

ASTM C 421-88 Standard Test Method for Tumbling Friability of Preformed Block-Type Thermal Insulation, 2 pp (Comm C-lQ... 

Thermal conductivity test JIS A 1412 (Test Method for Thermal Transmission Properties of Thermal Insulations). 

For LTL tests, ASTM El232 recommends that a 5-L glass flask equipped with a magnetic stirrer bar be used, which should be placed in a thermally insulated chamber. An electrical arc or fuse wire is used as the ignition source. The equilibrium closed bomb test method has been successfully used to measure flashpoint in air and in oxygen under atmospheric, vacuum, and high pressures. 

As opposed to inertial sensors, micromachined anemometers are often based on micro hot plates, that is, combinations of heaters and thermometers on thermally insulating membranes or multilayered thin films [4]. Functional sensor parameters are obviously determined by thermal conductivities and heat capacities, which can be monitored to reject faulty chips. Until recently, suitable wafer-level testing methods have not been available, and most sensor designs were based on literature values, despite the fact that these values depend strongly on fabrication processing parameters. 

The test methods mostly follow British Standards, but some are more closely related to the ISO tests. Care must be taken to ensure that the correct sample size is u.sed. The determination of water absorption by diffusion is based on the Swiss Standard SIA 279 Part 5.07 [13] (see Section 2.6 below). Similarly the properties of extruded board are specified in BS 3837, Part 2, 1990 [14]. BS 3927, 1986 [15], specifies rigid phenolic foam for thermal insulation in the form of slabs and profiled sections. The material is classified as types A. B. and C. which differ principally in thermal conductivity, water vapor permeability and apparent water absorption. Thermal conductivity is measured by methods described in BS 4370, Part 2, Method 7 [16] or Appendix B of BS 874 [17]. ... 

Of interest in studies of polymer degradation are two standard tests, the ASTM D 3850 (1994) test method for rapid thermal degradation of solid electrical insulating materials by thermogravimetric method, and the ASTM D 6370 (1999) standard test method for rubber compositional analysis by thermogravimetry. 

D 2766 (1995) Test method for specific heats of liquids and solids D 3286 (1991) Test method for gross calorific value of coal and coke by the isoperibol bomb calorimeter D 3350 (1999) Polyethylene Pipes and Fitting Materials D 3386 (1994) Test method for coefficient of linear thermal expansion of electrical insulating materials D 3417 (1999) Test method for heats of fusion and crystallization of polymers by thermal analysis D 3418 (1999) Test method for transition temperatures of polymers by thermal analysis... 

D 3850 (1994) Test method for rapid thermal degradation of solid electrical insulating materials by thermogravimetric method (TGA)... 

Thermomechanical-analysis (TMA) testing is used to measure a material s expansion coefficient above and below the glass-transition temperature or Tg. Thermomechanical analysis continuously monitors the expansion of a probe on a sample as a function of temperature. The standard test method for TMA is ASTM D3386, Coefficient of Linear Thermal Expansion of Electrical Insulating Materials.In addition to the glass-transition temperature or Tg, the expansion coefficients above and below Tg are reported. 

Standard Test Method for Rapid Thermal Degradation of Solid Electrical Insulating Materials by Thermogravimetric Method, ASTM D3850, Am Soc. Testing and Materials. 2000. 

Kubouchi et al [17] have devised a test method to assess thermal shock resistance, in which a sharply notched disk 60mm in diameter and 10mm thick is transferred from a hot oven to a cooling bath, while thermally insulated on both flat sides. A thermal shock fracture toughness term, A l.., is obtained for the fllled resin. 

ASTM. 2011a. Test Method for Mean Specific Heat of Thermal Insulation (ASTM C351). Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Section 04.06. American Society for Testing and Materials, West Conshohocken, PA. ASTM. 2011h. Terminology of Coal and Coke (ASTM D121). Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Section... 

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