Test method elastomer

Description of samples tested, specific test methods used, exposure medium notes, solubility parameters, and other important details are provided. Emphasis is on providing all relevant information so the most informed conclusions and decisions can be made by the user. Over 60,000 individual entries (specific tests) are covered in the database. Classes of materials covered include thermosets, thermosetting elastomers, thermoplastics, and thermoplastic elastomers. Approximately 700 different trade name and grade combinations representing over 130 families of materials are included. Over 3300 exposure environments are represented. 

Prut, E.V., Zelenetskii, A.N., Chepel, L.M., Erina, N.A., Dubnikova, I.L., and Novikov, D.D., Thermoplastic elastomer composition and the way of its manufacturing, Russian Patent 206927/B.I., 32, 1996. ASTM. Standard Test Method for Vickers Hardness of Metallic Materials, 1987. 

Solvent absorption measurement has been shown to be a sensitive and useful test method in the manufacture of epoxy powder coatings. A test method was defined and the effects of time and temperature of immersion described. It was shown that solvent absorption is a measure of raw material properties (EEW of the epoxy resin, and CTBN elastomer type and concentration), the homogeneity of the extrudate, as well as the state of cure. The information obtained from solvent absorption measurements has proven to be extremely important not only in quality control analysis but also in providing an insight into the structure function relationships in epoxy resin chemistry. 

The most suitable physical properties are likely to depend on the particular material, with plastics test methods being used for the harder elastomers (where the title elastomer may not even seem appropriate) and rubber methods for the less hard and more elastic materials. Where thermoplastic elastomers are to compete with conventional rubbers then clearly rubber test methods will be expected. On the other hand, where they are being compared to normal thermoplastics it would seem reasonable to use appropriate plastics test methods. 

Some of the conditions used in rubber test methods may need modifying for application to thermoplastic elastomers because of their intrinsic thermoplastic nature. If the temperatures generally used in ageing and compression set tests on thermosetting rubbers were applied to thermoplastic materials they could appear to perform extremely badly. Whether this was significant would depend on the service temperature. Data sheets need to be checked as those for thermoplastic elastomers may have used much lower temperatures that would be found for conventional rubbers, and it is only too easy to get a misleading impression of performance. 

As it was recognized that the number of variations included in many test method standards was not helpful in respect of obtaining input for databases, there was an initiative in the plastics industry that produced international standards for acquisition and presentation of single and multipoint data. These specify the particular test methods and test conditions to produce strictly comparable data. Very recently, this approach has been taken up in ISO TC 45 and drafts circulated based on British standards4, 5. These standards are not explicit about including thermoplastic elastomers and, as discussed in Chapter 2, Section 9, an acquisition standard for these materials has been proposed in ISO TC 61, Plastics. An example of the problems resulting from lack of consensus on test methods was evident for EPDM polymers and the results of collaboration to rectify this have been published6. 

Whilst thermoplastic elastomers are being included in most test method standards, we do not have a procedure for their preparation and moulding. 

This volume provides an overview of polymer characterization test methods. The methods and instrumentation described represent modern analytical techniques useful to researchers, product development specialists, and quality control experts in polymer synthesis and manufacturing. Engineers, polymer scientists and technicians will find this volume useful in selecting approaches and techniques applicable to characterizing molecular, compositional, rheological, and thermodynamic properties of elastomers and plastics. 

AS 1683.4 Methods of test for elastomers Rubber, vulcanized Determination of density... 

Rubber, vulcanized or thermoplastic Determination of tensile stress-strain properties Standard test methods for vulcanized rubber and thermoplastic elastomers-tension... 

Part 1 Trouser, angle, and crescent test pieces Part 2 Small (delft) test pieces Standard test method for tear strength of conventional vulcanized rubber and thermoplastic elastomers Testing of rubber and elastomers Determination of the tear strength of elastomers Trouser test piece... 

Air pockets or blisters can be detected by using ultrasonic test methods. The correct head and frequency need to be used, as the speed of sound through elastomers is very different than through metals. 

Rubber, vulcanized Determination of the effect of liquids Standard test method for rubber property-effect of liquids Standard test method for rubber property Change in length during liquid immersion Determination of the behavior of rubbers and elastomers when exposed to fluids and vapors Determination of the effect of liquids Determination of equilibrium water vapor absorption... 

Standard Test Method for Vulcanized Rubber and Thermoplastic Elastomers-Tension, ASTM standard D412-98a... 

This brief summary report describes the state of the art of all types of cellular materials, particularly plastics and elastomers. The report is organized in the form of a handbook and has an Introduction and sections on Types of Foams (Cellular Materials), Methods of Manufacture, Foam Properties, Solvent Cementing and Adhesive Bonding of Foams, Methods of Making Foams Conductive, and Applications. There are two Appendices, one on Standardization Documents (Test Methods, Practices and Specifications) and the other on Definitions. 

This chapter is aimed at expanding upon the listings of standard test methods presented in the following Chapter 11 on Standardization Documents. The first section of the chapter lists 130 properties of cellular plastics and elastomers and tabulates the standard test methods (U.S., ISO and British Standards) known to be applicable to each. Only number designations are given. The reader will find the titles and complete citations for the standards in Chapter 11. A key to the symbols used is given to indicate the type of cellular materials used (flexible or rigid) and a number of other matters of interest. 

Combustion properties of interest in cellular plastics and elastomers include ease of ignition (ignitibility), support of combustion (oxygen index), relative extent and time of burning, surface flammability, flame read, smoke evolution properties, and rate of beat release. The following test methods are either concerned solely with cellular plastics, m are used for both cellular and solid plastics. 

ASTM D 746-79 (1987) Standard Test Method ioxBrittleness Temperature of Plastics and Elastomers by Impact, 7 pp (DOD Adopted) (FSC 9330) (Comm D-20)... 

Standard test methods that have been trialled, tested and approved by independent committees are the main methods accepted by government purchasing departments, manufacturers and quality assurance systems. Many traditional British Standards have been incorporated into International Standards (ISO) and European Norme (BS EN) standards for use throughout the world. The following list contains some of the important test methods for the chemical analysis of rubbers, plastics and other elastomers used in coated fabrics. 

The determination of hydroperoxide number is significant because of the adverse effect of hydroperoxides on certain elastomers in the fuel systems. This method (ASTM D-6447) measures the same peroxide species,primarily the hydroperoxides in aviation fuels. This test method does not use the ozone-depleting substance l,l,2-trichloro-l,2,2-trifluoroethane (ASTM D-3703) and is applicable to any water-insoluble, organic fluid, particularly diesel fuels, gasoline, and kerosene. In this method, a quantity of sample is contacted with aqueous potassium iodide (KI) solution in the presence of acid.The hydroperoxides present are reduced by potassium iodide,liberating an equivalent amount of iodine, which is quantified by voltametric analysis. 

Test Methods. The standard physical-mechanical properties of the elastomers were measured at ambient temperature with an INSTRON Tensile Tester. 

D 412 Standard Test Methods for Vulcanized Rubber and Thermoplastic Elastomers—Tension... 

Blend Type PROPERTY ASTM TEST METHOD UNITS PBT/POLYESTER ELASTOMER POLYESTER ELASTOMER PBT... 

BS7917 Elastomer insulated fire resistant (limited circuit integrity) cables for fixed wiring in ships and on mobile and fixed off-shore units. Requirements and test methods. 

D 6546 (2000) Standard Test Method for Determining the Compatibility of Elastomer Seals... 

Standard test method for tear strength of craiventional vulcanized rubber and thermoplastic elastomers... 

ASTM D412-98a Standard Test Methods for Vulcanized Ruhher and Thermoplastic Rubbers and Thermoplastic Elastomers-Tension... 

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