Plastics, test methods

For details of the test methods used to measure physical properties reference is made to Handbook of Plastics Test Methods or the more recent Handbook of Polymer Testing [2, 3]. Standard tests have their limitations most were intended for quality control rather than prediction of service performance and produce arbitrary rather than fundamental measures of the properties. They do have the advantages of making data compatible with others and often have known reproducibility. In many standard methods the user is encouraged to opt for standard or preferred conditions which may not have relevance to the service conditions of the product. It is then sensible to base the testing on standard methods but to use more relevant conditions of, for example, time, temperature or stress. 

R.P. Brown, Ed., Handbook of Plastics Test Methods, Longman Scientific and Technical, Harlow, 1988. 

The most suitable physical properties are likely to depend on the particular material, with plastics test methods being used for the harder elastomers (where the title elastomer may not even seem appropriate) and rubber methods for the less hard and more elastic materials. Where thermoplastic elastomers are to compete with conventional rubbers then clearly rubber test methods will be expected. On the other hand, where they are being compared to normal thermoplastics it would seem reasonable to use appropriate plastics test methods. 

Perhaps ASTM E1428 (a. 16), commonly referred to as the Pink Stain test, is one of the most recognised plastic test methods. The actinomycete Streptoverticillium reticulum is used as an indicator organism to inoculate yeast malt extract agar. Test discs of plastic are placed on the surface and incubated at 29 °C for three weeks. Assessment focuses on the extent of staining of the... 

G. C. Ives, J. A. Mead, and M. M. Riley, Handbook of Plastic Test Methods, Iliffe, London, 1971. 

PN-77/C-88035 Dioctyl phthalate for industrial use PN-80/C-88031 Dibutyl phthalate for industrial use PN-88/C-89401 Plasticizers - Test methods... 

A wide range of plastics test methods are available and routinely used to characterize plastics and rubber. Even a basic introduction to the common tests used is beyond the scope of this chapter. The following introductory discussion is on several selected test methods that will allow the reader to better understand the test data presented in other chapters. With most of these tests, there are an extensive theoretical foundation and numerous practical details on how to carry them out as well as the relevant standards that have been left out. With most tests described here, the experience of the operator in sample preparation, carrying out the tests, and analysis of data is critical to obtain rqtroducible results. 

Transparent plastic refractive index test methods are described in ASTM D0542 (ISO 489), Index of Refraction of Transparent Organic Plastics. Test methods for transmission through clear plastic sheet are described in ASTM D1746, Regular Transparency of Clear Sheet, Ratio of Undiffused Transmission Flux to Incident Flux. Specular transmission is a property of transparent plastic sheet to show clearly a relatively distant object. ASTM D1044 is entitled Resistance of Transparent Plastics to Surface Abrasion. ... 

General Rules for Thermal Analysis Testing Methods of Plastics by Thermogravimetry Testing Methods for Transition Temperatures of Plastics Testing Methods for Heat of Transition of Plastics Testing Methods for Specific Heat Capacity of Plastics... 

ISO/CD 18830 Plastics - Test method for determining aerobic biodegradation of plastic materials sunk at the sea water/sandy sediment interface Under Development... 

Brown, R. P. (ed.) (1981). Handbook of Plastics Test Methods. George Godwin. London. A comprehensive assembly of test methods with a large bibliography a reference book. (Relevant to Chapters 4, S. and 7.)... 

JIS K6950 - 2000 Plastics - Testing method for aerobic biodegradability by activated sludge... 

Brown, R.P. (1990) Handbook of Plastic Test Methods, 3rd ed, Longman Scientific and Technical, New York. 

JIS K6950, Plastics - Testing Method For Aerobic Biodegradability By Activated Sludge, 2000. 

EN 1186-13, Materials and Articles in Contactwith Foodstuffs - Plastics -Test Methods for Overall Migration at High Temperatures, 2002. 

Test Method GE Plastics Test Method (T-77)/Acetic Acid Immersion Test, ASTM 1939... 

D 639-90 and Test method for tensile properties of plastics. Test method D 3039-76(89) for tensile properties of fiher-resin composites D 635-88 Test method for rate of hnming and/or extent and time of... 

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