Ozone-depleting substance

Finally, nitromethane has been used in large quantities as a stabilizer for 1,1,1-trichloroethane. The use of this degreasing solvent is expected to decHne and disappear under the provisions of the Montreal Protocol (116), which bans ozone-depleting substances, of which this is one. 

Regulation replacing Regulation 594/91 on ozone depleting substances... 

List several chemicals that are ozone depleting substances. Why are we concerned with regulating these chemical compounds, and what are the regulations that address them ... 

Methyl bromide has been identified as an ozone-depleting substance and is being gradually removed from world markets. Current legislation and plans call for the elimination of methyl bromide in most industrial countries by 2005, with possible exemptions for quarantine (UNEP, 1996). Currently there is an extensive search worldwide for products that are alternatives to methyl bromide (Kawakami, 1999). These alternatives are broadly defined and include components of management plans such as sanitation, monitoring, contact insecticides, heat treatments, and modified atmospheres, in addition to new fumigants (Batchelor, 1998). 

Ozone bleaching technology, 21 46 for recycled pulps, 21 51-52 Ozone contactors/dispersion devices, 17 801-802 Ozone decomposition in acidic solution, 17 773 hydroxyl ion initiated, 17 771—772 Ozone deficit problem, 17 785 Ozone delignification technology, 21 46 Ozone-depleting substances, in release agents, 21 598... 

We are told here that the European Commission is currently revising the way in which it grants exemptions to its ban on HCFC-14 lb blowing agents, under the terms of its ozone-depleting substances (ODS) regulations. The reasons for this move are explained fully in this informative article. EUROPEAN COMMISSION ATOFINA SOLVAY HONEYWELL... 

India has reached an agreement with the Multilateral Fund set up under the Montreal Protocol for phasing out production of CFCs and to shut down plants producing ozone-depleting substances. India is to receive 12m US dollars during 1999 and 11m US dollars for 2000 and 2001, with 6m US dollars for every subsequent year until 2009. Production is to fall from 20,706 tonnes in 2000 to 1130 tonnes by 2009. Complete phaseout will take place in 2010, except for CFCs to meet essential requirements. This abstract includes all the information contained in the original article. 

Laturnus F, Svensson T, Wiencke C, Oberg G (2004) Ultraviolet radiation affects emission of ozone-depleting substances by marine macroalgae results from a laboratory incubation study. Environ Sci Technol 38 6605-6609... 

Hazardous Air Pollutant, Regulations based on designation as Class I ozone-depleting substance... 

The health risks associated with ozone depletion will principally be those due to increased ultraviolet-B (UV-B) radiation in the environment, that is, increased damage to the eyes, the immune system, and the skin. Some new risks may also be introduced with the increased use of alternatives to the ozone-depleting substances (ODSs). However, the data are insufficient to develop similar estimates for effects such as immunosuppression and the toxicity of alternatives. 

The solvent, if a blend, should not contain any Class I or Class II ozone-depleting substances as listed in Title VI of the Clean Air Act (Sect. 602) or any chemical with an ozone-depletion factor of 0.2 or greater (CFC 11 = 1). 

Ozone Depletion The product will not contain any ozone depleting substances. An ozone depleting substance is any compound with ozone depletion potential greater tlian 0.01 (CFC 11 = 1.0). 

Most people associate the military with environmental problems rather than solutions. However, Stephen Andersen, E. Thomas Morehouse, Jr., and Alan Miller describe how the military has sped the adoption of new, environmentally friendlier technologies and, working with U.S. indnstry, has eliminated its need for ozone-depleting substances (Andersen et al., 1994). 

Prior to their current phase-out, chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) were widely used as processing solvents for various materials. CFCs were well suited for many medical applications owing to their high solvency, nonflammability, good materials compatibility, and low toxicity. The uses for CFCs include a silicone deposition solvent, a fluoropolymer dispersion liquid, and processing solvents. However, the Montreal Protocol phase-out of ozone-depleting substances has required that alternative dispersants and solvents be found. Limitations of most available alternatives include flammability, low volatility, poor solvency, and poor materials compatibility. 

The continued depletion of Antarctic ozone and the appearance of spring ozone depletion over the Northern hemisphere between the latitudes of 40 and 55 N. detectable by the improved analysis of older data and the development of better ozone observational methods, resulted in a tightening of the CFC phaseout provisions during the 1990 and 1992 reviews,10 held in London and Copenhagen, respectively, and the extension of the restrictions to other, potentially ozone-depleting substances. Table 2 summarizes the current position. 

January 1989. Its later amendments of London (1990) and Copenhagen (1992) made it possible that global production of major ozone depleting substances has been curbed down to very low quantities. If the regulations will be followed in future years as well, it will not be before 2060 that the atmospheric chlorine abundance will have fallen to about... 

Ozone-Depleting Substances Gases containing chlorine that are being controlled because they deplete ozone. They are thought to have some indeterminate impact on greenhouse gases. 

Montreal protocol Treaty signed in 1987 that governs stratospheric ozone protection and research, and the production and use of ozone-depleting substances. It provides for the end of production of ozone-depleting substances such as CFCS. Under the protocol, various research groups continue to assess the ozone layer. The multilateral fund provides resources to developing nations to promote the transition to ozone-safe technologies. 

Abel AE, Mouk RW. Methods for the destruction of ozone depleting substances. US Patent 5,559,278, 1996. 

Substances that have been proved to be toxic to humans and/or the ecosystem (including ozone-depleting substances) and have spread widely in the environment (substances manufactured and imported in an amount of 100 tonnes or more per year and detected in two or more places in the environment)... 

Ozone depleting substances (CFCs, HCFCs, Halons)... 

Although they are the most abundant ozone-depleting substance, CFCs are not the only culprits. Other chemicals that damage the ozone layer include methyl bromide, CH3Br, carbon tetrachloride, CCI4, and halons such as carbon trifLuorobromide, CF3Br. 

Title VI Stratospheric Ozone Protection Title VI of the 1990 Clean Air Act Amendments established a program to implement the provisions of the Montreal Protocol, a worldwide agreement to reduce the use and emission of ozone-depleting substances. EPA s regulations adopted in response to Title VI outline a series of requirements for facilities that use equipment containing ODS compounds. Facilities must be certain that they handle and manage ODS compounds as prescribed in the rules. Only certified technicians and staff may maintain... 

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