Test and Analysis

When evaluating the performance of a mechanical part, there is nothing more critical to safety than mechanical strength. The part has to demonstrate that it has sufficient durability during normal operating conditions. Any premature part failure might cause safety concerns and could be costly. 

Two methods are usually applied to show a part s durability and capability to properly perform its design functionality test and analysis. 

The theoretical calculation is often just an estimate, but a direct engine test can be prohibitively expensive. Should a direct comparative test be mandated to demonstrate equivalent high-pressure turbine blade performance There are no standard answers to these types of frequently asked questions. Many factors affect the answers part criticality, consequence of inferior performance, corporate knowledge, engineering expertise, accuracy of analysis, and costs. The best approach is always to reach a consensus among all stakeholders in advance. Most often, a combination of test and analysis approach is adopted for part performance evaluation. 

Before an analytical calculation or laboratory test is conducted, the possible failure modes of the part should be thoroughly reviewed. The most vulnerable failure mode will determine the test method. Few mechanical parts fail due to static load such as tensile stress. ITowever, the tensile stress plays a critical role in disk burst resistance under high-speed rotation. Tensile strength also represents a generic mechanical strength on many occasions. To conduct a tensile test and use the material s tensile properties to substantiate the equivalent performance of a reverse engineered part is usually acceptable as a first comparison. Other mechanical tests are also frequently required for critical parts and different failure modes. 

The immediate failure of a mechanical part soon after it is put in service, so-called infant death statistically, does not occur too often. The results of most field performances only come after a certain service period. The performance of a protective coating will not be fully tested until it is placed in the operating environment for a long period of time because the corrosion attack or even the stress corrosion cracking usually will not be observed until years after. Theoretical analyses on resistance to environment degradation. 

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For each type of problem, appropriate taste tests are suggested together with the type of panel, number of samples per test, and analysis of data. 

The characteristics of interior paints that require testing and analysis include hiding and appearance, package stabiHty, adhesion, spatter resistance, flow and leveling, color and sheen uniformity, touch-up, stain removal, burnish resistance, and block and print resistance. A popular test that assesses the wet abrasion resistance of an interior paint is to measure its scmb resistance. A mechanical device is used to scmb a paint film of a specified thickness with a standard bmsh and abrasive cleanser suspension. The number of scmb cycles (back and forth movements of the weighted bmsh) at various end points (first cut through, or 50% removal of the film) is then recorded. Scmb resistance usually holds steady or decreases slightly as PVC is increased, but drops quickly once the CPVC is exceeded in a paint formulation. 

Existing facihties present daily bulk soflds flow problems soflds flow testing and analysis saves many hours of expensive downtime and thousands of dollars, thus moving from the complication of quick-fix solutions that are not satisfactory, to proven engineering solutions that work every time. 

Broeklehurst [37] has written an exhaustive review of the early work (prior to 1977) on fracture in polyerystalline graphite. Mueh of this work foeused on the fraeture behavior of nuclear graphites. In most investigations eonsidered, conventional fracture meehanies tests and analysis were performed for maeroseopie craeks. LEFM provided an adequate eriterion for failure. Additionally, results on work of fraeture, strain energy release rate, and fatigue eraek propagation were reported. 

Deals with new vehicle tecluiology, programs to regulate fuels, diesel fuel testing and analysis, and research on fuels and vehicle controls... 

When testing and analysis are completed, the data can be analyzed and summarized. Statistical methods are often used during this step In a study. Data should first be edited and validated. Quality assurance Information from both the sampling and laboratory analyses should be considered In this validation. Field sampling personnel and laboratory scientists should maintain responsibility for data validation. 

Chase GW and Long AR (1997) Nutritional Metrology, PART 4, The Role of a Zero Control Reference Material. Food Testing and Analysis, Jun/Jul 1997, 3 30-33. 

Fox A (2000) AOAC International Offers Leadership in Proficiency Testing. Food Testing and Analysis, 5(6) 7-g. 

Weibull, W. "Fatigue Testing and Analysis of Results " Pergammon Press New York, New York, 1961. 

M. Regert, S. Colinart, L. Degrand, O. Decavallas, Chemical alteration and use of beeswax through time accelerated ageing tests and analysis of archaeological samples from various environmental contexts, Archaeometry, 43, 549 569 (2001). 

HarsNet maintains that reactive chemical testing and analysis is too complex for most small-and medium-sized companies because of the wide spectrum of processes and equipment involved. The project seeks to provide an industry guide for estimating the thermal hazard of a chemical synthesis without sophisticated testing and analysis. 

Hewitt, A. D., 1999, Measurement for Trichloroethylene Relationship between Soil Vapor and Soil Matrix Environmental Testing and Analysis, May/June, Vol. 8, No. 3, pp. 25-31. 

Davis, J.M., Giddings, J.C. (1985) Statistical method for estimation of number of components from single complex chromatograms theory, computer-based testing, and analysis of errors. Anaf Chem. 57 2168-2177. 

Figure 56. C. G. Storm. Author of numerous articles and government publications on the properties, testing, and analysis of smokeless powder and high explosives. Explosives Chemist at Navy Powder Works, 1901-1909, at U. S. Bureau of Mines, 1909-1915 Directing Chemist, Aetna Explosives Company, 1915-1917 Major and Lieutenant-Colonel, Ordnance Department, 1917-1919 Research Chemist, Trojan Powder Company, 1919 Chief Explosives Chemical Engineer, Office of the Chief of Ordnance, War Department, 1919-1942 since early in 1942, Technical Director, National Fireworks, Inc.

Storm, Christian George (1877—1947). Noted US authority in the field of expls. Author of numerous articles and govt publications on the properties, testing and analysis of smokeless... 

Finding 2-3. HT mustard-filled munitions were not processed at JACADS. HT and HD consist of similar chemicals and will most probably result in much the same products of combustion Nevertheless, there is no evidence that testing and analysis of HT combustion have taken place. 

Chapman, P.M., Wang, F., Germano, J.D. and Batley, G. (2002) Pore water testing and analysis the good, the bad, and the ugly, Marine Pollution Bulletin 44, 3 59-366. 

In a series of standard deviations, variances, or ranges the COCHRAN test [ISO 5725] is used for evaluating the largest value. It is primarily used in (planned) method comparisons, cooperative tests, and analysis of variance where the number of the measurements and the levels of the means should be the same. 

ISO 1213-2 Solid Mineral Fuels - Vocabulary - Part 2 Terms Relating to Sampling, Testing and Analysis, 1992... 

A.D. Hewitt, Frozen Storage of Soil Samples for VOC Analysis, Environmental Testing and Analysis, Volume 8, Number 5, September/October 1999b. 

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