Fuel regulation

SI 1991/1282 Smoke Control Areas (Authorized Fuels) Regulations... 

Clean fuels regulations in both the European and American markets have had a substantial impact on a refiner s ability to maximize product draws at the refinery front end. Extremely low sulfur requirements for... 

Bryner, M. and Scott, A. (2006) Catalysts fuel regulations rev up demand. Chem. Week, 168, 19. 

Hydroisomerization is one of the few major refinery processes that allow refineries to cope with the future fuel regulations on the one side and the necessity to supply premium fuel with the necessary octane on the other side. Due to the limited volume the chemical industry can cope with in addition to the present level, future reduction of the aromatics in fuels will force the refineries to convert as much of the aromatics as possible to fuel components. One possible option is to feed the one-ring aromatics such as benzene to an isomerization unit. A state of the art hydroisomerization catalyst such as HYSOPAR is very active for benzene hydrogenation at temperatures as low as 100°C, where 100% hydrogenation is achieved, and can cope with up to 15 wt.-% of benzene in the feed. When sulfur in the range of 50 ppm is present in the feed, a partial inhibition of... 

Fuels (primarily used in combustion engines) Today s societal energy and transport needs heavily depend on fuels. Regulating... 

Andrew Kaldor, Exxon This discussion on catalysis is a good example of the gulf in the scientific community in the United States. We will be facing fuel regulations in 2004, which will require low-sulfur fuels. The debate on this has been going on for ages. We can do it today, but it will cost a lot of money to do it. 

Regulations on the disposal of special wastes including diesel fuels Regulations on leaking underground fuel tanks... 

In the US, heavy-duty vehicles are defined as vehicles with gross weight over 8,500 lbs. USEPA emission standards for heavy duty diesel truck and bus engines controlled particle mass emissions from 0.60 g bhp h in 1990 to 0.10 g bhp h in 1998. A new stringent mass emission standard that took effect with the 2007 heavy-duty engine model year limits particle mass emissions to 0.01 g bhp h . This included a diesel fuel regulation that currently limits sulphur content to 15 ppm. 

Recently, refineries finished products hydro treatment became critical due to changes in fuel regulations. These changes are related to the sp>ecification of more clean fuels with special focus in sulfur content reduction. In order to achieve these goals more hydro treatment is needed. Hydrogen is the main raw material to hydro treatment imits. 

Submissions received on the proposed amendments to the sulphur in diesel fuel regulations. (2004). http //www.ec.gc.ca/lcpe-cepa/default.asp lang=En n=E9AC971B-l. 

Due to clean-fuel regulations, many refineries are implementing hydrogen recovery/purification projects and/or installing steam/hydrocarbon reformers to generate on-purpose hydrogen. 

Hydrocracking is far less common than hydrotreating, but the number of partial-conversion mild hydrocrackers is increasing as refiners build new units to meet clean fuel regulations. 

Advances in hydroprocessing are driven by competitive forces and clean-fuel regulations. These advances include improved catalysts (Chapters 9-11), better reactor design (Chapters 7-8), advanced process control (Chapter 22), and online optimization (Chapter 23). As clean-fiiel regulations migrate from North America and the EU into the rest of the world, and as globalization of the oil industry continues apace, the need will continue for new (and better) hydroprocessing units. Hopefully, within a few years, this chapter will be obsolete and we ll have to write an update. 

More recently, the EPA has announced plan to reduce non-road diesel fuel sulfur from the current average of 3400 ppm to 500 ppm by 2007 and further to 15 ppm by 2010 . The U.S. Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990 and related new fuel regulations by the U.S. EPA and government regulations in many countries call for the production and use of more environmentally friendly transportation fuels with lower contents of sulfur and aromatics. 

Regulations limiting the concentration of benzene and the total aromatic content of finished gasoline have been established for 1995 and beyond in order to reduce the ozone reactivity and toxicity of automotive evaporative and exhaust emissions. Test methods to determine benzene and the aromatic content of gasoline are necessary to assess product quality and to meet new fuel regulations. 

Test methods to determine benzene and the aromatic content of gasoline are necessary to assess product quality and to meet new fuel regulations. 

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