Teratogenicity cadmium

Ferm, V.H. and W.M. Layton, Jr. 1981. Teratogenic and mutagenic effects of cadmium. Pages 743-756 in J.O. Nriagu (ed.). Cadmium in the Environment. Part II Health Effects. John Wiley, NY. 

The inorganic compounds in Table 1 include arsenic compounds, cadmium sa1ts lead chloride, lead nitrate, and mercury salts. These are highly poisonous compounds as well as being suspected teratogens, and they need to be handled with extra care. Fortunately, most of these substances are used only in dilute solution and usually in semi-micro quantities. Solutions of arsenic, cadmium, lead, and mercury salts are typically used in connection with Qualitative Analysis procedures, and the amounts used are often no more than a few drops. Hand washing at the end of the laboratory period is especially important after working with solutions such as these. 

Several studies indicate that different methods cause adverse effects to embryonic and fetal tissues and eventually lead to the development of teratogenic effects. Metals are omnipresent in the living environment. A variety of anthropogenic activities (e.g., smelting metallic ore, industrial and metal fabrication, commercial application, burning of fossil fuels) have caused adverse effects to the developing fetus. In fact, notorious elements, such as cadmium, lead, and mercury, have been associated with injury and malformation to the growing embryo and fetus of animals and humans.65... 

An experimental teratogen. Other experimental reproductive effects. Human mutation data reported. When heated to decomposition it emits toxic fumes of Cd. See also CADMIUM COMPOUNDS. 

Animal studies have shown cadmium to be a teratogen and a reproductive toxin however, the results of mutagenesis experiments are equivocal. Cadmium produced local sarcomas in a number of rodent species when the metal, sulfide, oxide, or salts were administered subcutaneously. Intramuscular injection of cadmium powder and cadmium sulfate also produced local sarcomas. Injection of cadmium chloride into the ventral prostate resulted in a low incidence of prostatic carcinoma. Exposure via inhalation of cadmium chloride produced a dose-dependent increase in lung carcinomas in rats. 

Nolen GA, Buchler EV, Geil RG, et al. 1972. Effects of trisodium nitrotriacetate on cadmium and methylmercury toxicity and teratogenicity in rats. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 23 222-237. 

Cadmium Elect roplating/plastics/pigments/ superphosphate fertilizers Kidney damage/emphysemaA>ossibly carcinogenic, teratogenic, and mutagenic... 

Because of its nephrotoxicity causing the Itai-Itai disease in humans, its teratogenic effects, its interactions with iron, copper and zinc, and its potentially existing can-cerogenic effects, cadmium (Cd) belongs to... 

As with the mutagenic and carcinogenic action of metals, the teratogenic effects can be modified by additional influences. For example, the teratogenicity of cadmium in mice was decreased by bismuth-induced metallothionein (Naruse and Hayashi... 

Teratogenic effects and distribution of cadmium (Cd2-t-) administered via osmotic minipumps to gravid CF-1 mice. Toxicol Lett 76 195-202. 

Naruse 1 and Hayashi Y (1989) Amelioration of the teratogenicity of cadmium by the metallothionein induced by bismuth nitrate. Teratology 40 459-465. 

The toxic effects of cadmiun are further manifested by a negative action on the metabolism of iron, copper and zinc which results in a deficiency of these metals with relevant disturbances. Cadmium also exerts teratogenic, mutagenic and carcinogenic effects [10]. 

The earlierst reports of the carcinogenic effect of cadmium on man are from 1965 [91]. In workers exposed to the dust, carcinomas of the prostate and malignant processes in the gastrointestinal tract, kidneys, liver and lung were observed [92, 93]. Teratogenic effects are also reported for certain cadmium compounds (cadmium chloride, cadmium sulphate) [94]. 

Since cadmium has teratogenic and fetotoxic effects, the results described above suggest the need to perform detailed assessment of the health risks of the population being exposed and to increase the level of health. 

Degreave, N., 1981. Carcinogenic, teratogenic and mutagenic effects of cadmium. Mutat. Res. 86, 115-135. 

The use of cultured rat embryos to evaluate the teratogenic activity of serum cadmium and cyclophosphamide. Teratology, 1979, 19(2) 35A. 

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