Teratogenic activity

Noda T, Morita S, Baba A (1994) Enhanced teratogenic activity of di-n-butyltin diaeetate by carbon tetrachloride pretreatment in rats. Food and Chemioal Toxicology, 32(4) 321-327. 

Smith MK, Randall J, Read EJ, et al. 1989. Teratogenic activity of trichloroacetic acid in the rat. 

Metabolites 4.203 and 4.205 were minor. Metabolite 4.204 was the main product in rats and dogs. Toxicological investigations revealed that, of the twelve hydrolysis products of thalidomide, only the three containing the intact phthalimido moiety show teratogenic activity, namely metabolites 4.202, 4.203, and 4.205) [132] [133],... 

MImosIne - cytotoxicity and teratogenic activity In rats and thyrotoxic... 

Figure 2.1 Piperidine ring (a) and three functionalities of three carbons or larger that impart teratogenic activity (b) coniine, (c) anabasine, and (d) ammodendrine.

Figure 2.7 Two steroidal alkaloids from Solanum spp. (a) a-chaconine, with teratogenic activity, and (b) tomatidine, non-teratogenic alkaloid.

Braun AG, Busby WF, Liber HL, et al. 1987. Chemical and toxicological characterization of residential oil burner emissions 2. Mutagenic, tumorigenic, and potential teratogenic activity. Environ Health Perspect 73 235-246. 

When administered into the newly developed chicken embryo, 6-methyluracil was found to possess strong teratogenic activity. The compound produces abnormalities in 85 per cent of the embryos at 4 mg/kg [270]. In pregnant rats this pyrimidine causes damage to 10-day-old embiyos. Microanatomical examination reveals urogenital system abnormalities (e.g. hydronephrosis, uretal oedema) [271]. 

Residue must be < 0.1 ppm in meat and < 10 ppb in milk and eggs. + - If teratogenic activity is demonstrated, the safety factor is 1,000 may also be < 100 when human exposure data are available or when a sensitive measurement is used to set a no-effect concentration. 

C. Thalidomide caused a high incidence of pho-comelia, particularly in Europe, where it was approved as a sedative agent. There is no definitive evidence associating teratogenic activity with the other compounds. 

Misawa J et al (1982) Teratogenic activity of pyrimethamine in Gottingen minipig. Toxicol Lett 10 51-54... 

Jorgensen KD (1998) Teratogenic activity of tretinoin in the Gottingen minipig. Scand J Lab Anim Sci 25(suppl l) 235-243... 

Thalidomide was not evaluated as it needs a specific MAS in our FETAX setup, but the Xenopus laevis embryo has been shown to be sensitive to the teratogenic activity of thalidomide, phocomelia being observed after metamorphosis (17). 

Schumacher H et al (1972) The teratogenic activity of a thalidomide analogue, EM in rabbits, rats and monkeys. Teratology 5 233-240... 

Teratogenic activity. Resin, administered orally to pregnant rabbits at a dose of 1 mL/ kg, was active k Alcohol extract of the dried leaves, administered intragastrically to pregnant rats at a dose of 125 mg/kg from days 7 to 16 of gestation, was active. The fetuses showed several gross abnormalities, visceral anomalies, and skeletal mal-formations . Water extract of the dried... 

K. Srivastava. Antifertility and teratogenic activity of Cannabis sativa in rats. Fitoterapia 1991 62(1) 69-71. 

Sullivan, F.M. and McElhatton, P.R. (1975) Teratogenic activity of the antiepileptic drugs phenobarbital, phenytoin, and primidone in mice. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 24 271—282. 

Landauer, W. and E.M. Clark. 1964. On the role of riboflavin in the teratogenic activity of boric acid. Jour. Exp. Zool. 156 307-312. 

Bojic, U., Elmazar, M.M.A., Hauck, R.-S. and Nau, H. (1996) Further branching of valproate-related carboxylic acids reduces the teratogenic activity, but not the anticonvulsant effect. Chem. Res. Toxicol., 9, 866-870. 

Blaschke, G., Kraft, H.P., Fickentscher, K., and Kohler, F. (1979) Chromatographic separation of racemic thalidomide and teratogenic activity of its enantiomers, Arzneim. Forsch. 29, 1640-1642. 

Thalidomide the S isomer is a sedative and has teratogenic side effects. The R isomer is also a sedative but has no teratogenic activity. 

Hauck RS, Wegner C, Blumtritt P, et al. 1990. Asymmetric synthesis and teratogenic activity of (R)-and (S)-2-ethylhexanoic acid, a metabolite of the plasticizer di-(2-ethyLhexyl)phthalate. Life Sci 46 513-518. 

L.S. Khera, Evaluation of dimethoate (Cygon4E) for teratogenic activity in the cat. J. Environ. Pathol. Toxicol. 2 1283, 1979. 

Figure 7.2 Principal component scores plot for a set of dopamine mimetics. Compounds with teratogenic activity are indicated by filled circles. (From Ridings, J.E., Manallack, D.T., Saunders, M.R., Baldwin, J.A., and Livingstone, D.J., Toxicology, 76, 209-217, 1992. With permission.)...

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