Cadmium sulfate

Examples 3CdS04 8H2O, cadmium sulfate—water (3/8) Al2(S04)3 K2SO4 24H2O, aluminum sulfate—potassium sulfate—water (1/1/24) AICI3 4C2H5OH, aluminum chloride—ethanol (1/4). 

Ideally a standard cell is constmcted simply and is characterized by a high constancy of emf, a low temperature coefficient of emf, and an emf close to one volt. The Weston cell, which uses a standard cadmium sulfate electrolyte and electrodes of cadmium amalgam and a paste of mercury and mercurous sulfate, essentially meets these conditions. The voltage of the cell is 1.0183 V at 20°C. The a-c Josephson effect, which relates the frequency of a superconducting oscillator to the potential difference between two superconducting components, is used by NIST to maintain the unit of emf. The definition of the volt, however, remains as the Q/A derivation described. 

Cadmium sulfate solutions are used ia the standard Weston cell and as electrolytes ia electroplatiag as alternatives to cyanide baths. Other uses iaclude phosphors and as a nematocide. 

The future of cadmium plating is in question because of cadmium toxicity (83). Cyanide-free cadmium plating systems have experienced some growth. Acid cadmium, based on cadmium sulfate compositions, is replacing some cyanide baths in the United States. The fluoborate cadmium is reported in use in the UK, especially in barrel plating (84). Cadmium plating is covered by ASTM (85), U.S. government, and ISO specifications (86). 

Cadmium sulfate [7790-84-3 (for 3CdS04 8H2O) 10124-36-4 (anhydr)] M 208.4 (anhydr), 769.5 (hydr). Crystd from distd water by partial evapn in a desiccator. On heating gives monohydrate at 80°. 

The other method is cadmium electrodeposition on a nickel-plated steel foil (serving as current collector) using a plating bath containing acidified cadmium sulfate (type AB2C3). In this case the user is supplied with a battery in charged ( ready for use ) condition. 

Pulse plating techniques with symmetric or asymmetric waves have been employed for improving the deposition of CdS in acidic aqueous baths of cadmium sulfate and thiosulfate precursors [46, 47], A better control of sulfur incorporation in the deposits was reported. 

AAS = atomic absorption spectroscopy CdS04 = cadmium sulfate GC/ECD = electrochemical gas chromatographic detection GC/FPD = gas chromatography with flame photometric detection HC1 = hydrochloric acid H2S = hydrogen sulfide NaOH = sodium hydroxide NR = not reported PAS = photoacoustic spectroscopy... 

A solution, prepared by mixing saturated solutions of cadmium sulfate and sodium azide in a 10 ml glass tube, exploded violently several horns after preparation [1], The dry solid is extremely hazardous, exploding on heating or light friction. A violent explosion occurred with cadmium rods in contact with aqueous hydrogen azide [2], A DTA study showed a lesser thermal stability than lead azide [3], It is strongly endothermic (AH°f (s) +451 kJ/mol, 2.32 kJ/g). 

CdSe, CdTe. CdSe films have been grown from complexed (with tartaric acid and triethanolamine) cadmium acetate or cadmium sulfate solutions and sodium selenosullale.1272 81 84 The films were amorphous or nanocrystalline with an average crystallite size of 6nm. The optical band gap was 1.8-2.1 eV, and the electrical resistivity was of the order 104-106Qcm. 

Cadmium sulfate hydrate, 4 515 physical properties of, 4 509t Cadmium sulfate monohydrate, 4 515 physical properties of, 4 509t Cadmium sulfide, 4 503, 515-516, 518, 521 colloidal precipitation color, 7 343t color and bad gap, 7 335t physical properties of, 4 509t piezochromic material, 6 607 Cadmium sulfide photodetectors, 19 137 Cadmium sulfide photoconductor, fabrication and performance of, 19 155-156... 

Tetraamminehydroxynitratoplatinum(IV) nitrate, 4594 Tetraamminepalladium(II) nitrate, 4588 Tetraamminezinc peroxodisulfate, 4586 l,4,8,ll-Tetraazacyclotetradecanenickel(II) perchlorate, 3376 Tctrakis(/j.3-2-amiiio-2-methylpropanolato)tetrakis(//2-2.aniiiio-2-methylpropanolato)hexacopper(II) perchlorate, 3883 Tetrakis(3-methylpyrazole)cadmium sulfate, 3716 Tetrakis(3-methylpyrazole)manganese(II) sulfate, 3717 Tctrakis(4-/V-nicthylpyridinio)porphinecobalt(III)(5 +) perchlorate, 3908 Tetrakis(4-iV-methylpyridinio)porphineiron(III)(5+) perchlorate, 3909 Tetrakis(pyrazole)manganese(II) sulfate, 3538... 

Mercury, lead, and cadmium can attack the central nervous system carbon tetrachloride and chlorinated phenols can destroy the liver ethylene glycol and cadmium sulfate produce kidney disease asbestos and beryllium lead to lung disorders and lead poisoning can cause mental retardation. 

In the electrowinning of cadmium, nickel is an interfering element that has to be continuously removed from the electrolyte, a weak acidic cadmium sulfate solution. To handle the undesirable buildup of nickel contamination and at the same time obey environmental demands, the industry installed a solvent extraction kidney [8],... 

Cadmium sulfate (CdS), also called orange cadmium, is used to produce phosphors and fluorescent screens. It is also used as a pigment in inks and paints, to color ceramics glazes, in the manufacture of transistors in electronics, photovoltaic cells, and solar cells, and in fireworks. 

Compounds Cadmium oxide cadmium carbonate cadmium chloride cadmium sulfate cadmium sulfide... 

In rat developmental studies, fetal effects including delayed ossification and decreased locomotor activity occurred at doses that also caused maternal toxicity. Cadmium sulfate injected into the lingual vein of female hamsters on day 8 of pregnancy caused a high incidence of resorption and malformed offspring. Acute necrosis of rat testes followed large doses orally or parenterally, but testicular effects have not been reported thus far in humans." ... 

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