Osmotic minipump

Bosker FJ, van Esseveldt KE, Klompmakers AA, Westenberg HG. Chronic treatment with fluvoxamine by osmotic minipumps fails to induce persistent functional changes in central 5-HT1A and 5-HT1B receptors, as measured by in vivo microdialysis in dorsal hippocampus of conscious rats. Psychopharmacology 1995 117 358-363. 

Kest et al. (2002) compared naloxone-precipitated withdrawal jumping in several strains of mice after acute or multiple injections of morphine or after chronic infusion of morphine with osmotic minipump. 

Bokonjic, D., Jovanovic, D., Jokanovic, M., Maksimovic, M. (1987). Protective effects of oximes Hl-6 and PAM-2 applied by osmotic minipumps in quinalphos-poisoned rats. Arch. Int. Pharmacodyn. 288 309-18. 

Rahim RT, Meissler Jr JJ, Cowan A, Rogers TJ, Geller EB, Gaughan J, Adler MW, Eisenstein TK (2001) Administration of mu-, kappa-or delta -receptor agonists via osmotic minipumps suppresses murine splenic antibody responses. Int Immunopharm 1 2001-2009. 

In 1976, Theeuwes and Yum described an implantable slow-flow (0.5-1 pL/h) osmotic minipump for the local delivery of drugs [8], Because of their simplicity and reliability [9, 10], osmotic pumps seem suitable for the chronic delivery of chemotherapy. In 1982, Kroin and Penn coupled the minipump to a stainless steel cannula to examine the intracerebral infusion of cisplatin [11]. They used a similar system to demonstrate the efficacy of intratumoral cisplatin and fluorouracil against a 9L rat cerebellar tumor model [12]. Subsequently, efficacy against other CNS tumor models has been observed with infusions of bleomycin [13], phenyl acetate [14], topotecan [15], cyclopentenyl cytosine [16], and carboplatin [17],... 

White JD, Schwartz MW (1994) Using osmotic minipumps for intracranial delivery of amino acids and peptides. In Flanagan TR, Emerich DF, Winn SR (eds) Methods in neurosciences, vol 21. Academic, San Diego, CA, 187-200. 

Adler, M., Capacio, B., and Deshpande, S.S. 2000. Antagonism of botulinum toxin A-mediated muscle paralysis by 3,4-diaminopyridine delivered via osmotic minipumps. Toxicon 38 1381-1388. 

Teratogenic effects and distribution of cadmium (Cd2-t-) administered via osmotic minipumps to gravid CF-1 mice. Toxicol Lett 76 195-202. 

When pregnant hamsters were administered NaCN by subcutaneously implanted osmotic minipumps that delivered cyanide at a rate of 6.125-6.517 mmol NaCN kg hr beginning on d 6 of gestation through delivery, severe malformations were observed at all doses greater than 6.125 mmol kg hr , and a dose of 6.517 mmol/kg caused 100% fetal mortality and some maternal deaths (Doherty et al. 1982). Malformations included exencephaly, encephalocele, nonclosure of the neural tube, and microphthalmia. 

Many cancer therapies use non-S-phase-specific cytotoxic agents and the question arises whether a cell-cycle inhibitor like rhMIP-la/BB-10010 can protect normal cell from these agents. This question has been addressed using the clinically relevant non-S-phase-specific cytotoxic drug cyclophosphamide in murine chemotherapy models, which are typically less myeloablative than those described above (38). In these studies BB-10010 was administered continuously by osmotic minipump during days 0-7 at 40 pg... 

Chronic nicotine (4.5 mg/kg per day of nicotine free base, 15 to 22 days via osmotic minipump) upregu-lated NO signalling of Ca " channels and downregu-lated Ca " -activated channels in smooth muscle... 

In the guinea pig, pre-treatment with the NOS inhibitor, N -nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (100 mM) administered by s.c. osmotic minipump for 50 h re-... 

Although it has always been possible tc administer drugs and other bioactive agents to small animals in a rate-controlled manner, the advent of ALZET osmotic minipumps has irade it reliable and simple to do so. The minipumps (Figure 6) have been designed with delivery rates of 1.0 or 0.5 yl/hr, and delivery durations, respec-... 

Figure 6. ALZET osmotic minipump with flow moderator. (Copyright 1980 ALZA Corp.)...

OSMET drug delivery modules are designed to be orally administered to human subjects and to deliver drug formulation at 8 yl/hr over 24 hours or at 15 yl/hr over I. l hours. Each module has the same internal volume, cross-section, and operational principles and procedures as ALZET osmotic minipumps. 

Figure 7. In vitro performance of ALZET osmotic minipump and 2 -hour OSMET - -drug delivery module.

Model 2001 ALZET Osmotic Minipump Theoretical Pumping Rate 1.0 yl/hr Actual Pumping Rate 1.03 + 0.04 pl/hr... 

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