Hazard management

Drake, E. M. and C. W. Thurston. 1992. A Safety Evaluation Eramework for Process Hazards Management in Chemical Eacilities with PES-Based Controls. Process Safety Management Paper 73d. AlChL 1992 Summer National Meeting, August 1992, Minneapolis, MN. 

Process Safety Management (PSM) A program or activity involving the application of management principles and analytical techniques to ensure the safety of chemical process facilities. Sometimes called process hazard management. Each principle is often termed an element or component of process safety. 

E. N. Helmets and L. C. Schaller, Calculated Process Risks and Hazards Management, Plant/Operations Progress, 14, No. 4 (October), 229-31, 1995. 

Tennant Company (Ref. 2) Integrating Quality and Hazard Management roughly 60% reduction in both injuries and defects... 

Thomas J. Smith and Thomas L. Larson, Integrating Quality Management and Hazard Management A Behavioral Cybernetic Perspective, Proceedings of the Human Factors Society 35th Annual Meeting, 1991. 

Munson, R. E., "Process Hazards Management in DuPont," Plant/Operations Progress, 4 (1985). 

Hale A., Guldenmund F., Goossens L., Bellamy L., 2000. Focused auditing of major hazard management systems, Proceedings of the 18th ESReDA, Karlstad. 

Dupont Chemicals, Dupont Safety and Fire Protection Guideline Use of Process Risk Calculations in Hazards Management. Dupont, Wilmington, DL, 1981. 

Using lists of chemicals is an inadequate approach for regulatory coverage of reactive hazards. Improving reactive hazard management requires that both regulators and industry address the hazards from combinations of chemicals and process-specific conditions rather than focus exclusively on the inherent properties of individual chemicals. (CSB 2002b)1... 

Appendices contain case histories of chemical reactivity incidents, a sample inherently safer process checklist, and the Executive Summary of the CSB hazard investigation report on "Improving Reactive Hazard Management (CSB 2002b). 

Documentation of example chemical reactivity hazard management programs from CCPS sponsor companies that practice intentional chemistry. 

Table 4.1, Gap Analysis Chemical Reactivity Hazard Management System, and Table 4.2, Basic Chemical Reactivity Data to Collect. 

Full text of the U.S. Chemical Safety and Hazard Investigation Board report, "Improving Reactive Hazard Management" (CSB 2002b). 

The remainder of this publication, and the many references cited at the end of this publication, will go into great depth on the detail necessary to formulate and execute a chemical reactivity hazard management system. 

Shutting down a process, either for an indefinite period of time or permanently, can introduce chemical reactivity hazard management considerations. For example, one facility wanted to dismantle some equipment for a process for which an ether was a feedstock. A review of facility records did not conclusively reveal whether the equipment had been thoroughly decontaminated after the process was shut down years before. This left open the possibility that the equipment might contain explosive peroxides that could have formed over time by peroxidation of the ether. In another example, an unstable byproduct exploded when piping removed from a process unit was being cut into smaller pieces for disposal. 

Hazard Management Elements Map (Numbers refer to sections in this book)... 

Chemical Reactivity Hazard Management CCPS Elements OSHAPSM Standard and EPA RMP Rule Seveso II... 

Develop System to Manage Chemical Reactivity Hazards Management Systems Management System Safety Management System... 

Documentation of the chemical reactivity hazard management system will need to include how it relates to other regulatory elements. 

Chemical Reactivity Hazard Management Elements Not Explicitly Addressed ... 

As mentioned earlier, most facilities need not start from scratch when seeking to effectively manage chemical reactivity hazards. Elements of a hazards management system, such as an emergency response plan or a... 

New initiatives, programs, and emphases are rarely started in isolation. An existing management structure in some form will most likely be in place. Resources are available to help implement and integrate a hazards management system (CCPS 1994,1997). 

If your product can pose a chemical reactivity hazard by itself or in combination with other materials, good product stewardship includes providing safety-related information to customers and users. Other aspects of product stewardship, some of which are also applicable to chemical reactivity hazard management, are outlined in the American Chemistry Council s Product Stewardship Responsible Care Code (ACC 2001). 

Investigate Chemical Reactivity Incidents 4.10 Review, Audit, Manage Change, Improve Hazard Management Practices/Program ... 

Figure 4.1. Flowchart for implementing chemical reactivity hazard management...

Table 4.1 lists essential ingredients of a management system for successfully managing chemical reactivity hazards. An honest comparison of a company s current practice with the items in this list can be used to point out the gaps that need to be filled. If you are just getting started with chemical reactivity hazard management, this shows what is needed to develop a successful management system. 

Gap Analysis Chemical Reactivity Hazard Management System... 

Case histories of chemical reactivity incidents, such as those in Appendix A-l, are useful in getting needed attention and priority for a chemical reactivity hazard management system. Other companies programs, such as the ones shared on the CD-ROM accompanying this publication, can be... 

---