Fish diagram

Queste S, Salager JL, Strey R, Aubry JM (2007) The EACN scale for oil classification revisited thanks to fish diagrams. J Colloid Interface Sci 312 98-107 Cayias JL, Schechter RS, Wade WH (1976) Modeling Crude Oils for Low Interfacial tension. Soc Petrol Eng J 16 351-357... 

Figure 3.3 Two types of bidimensional cuts through multidimensional phase prisms, (a) Cut through a phase prism at a 1 1 water-to-oil ratio as a function of the temperature (7) and the surfactant concentration (y), the so-called fish diagram, (b) Cut through a phase prism at constant 7 and y as a function of the ethoxylation degree EON) and the water-to-oil ratio (WOR), the so-called x diagram. ...

Figure 11.1 Fish diagrams of the systems hbO-n-dodecane-C-B/is E5 ((a), dark grey circles), H2 0/NIPAm/BisAm-n-dodecane-Ci3/i5E5 ((a) and (b), black circles), hbO/NIPAm/BisAm-...

This section will discuss fish diagrams, decision structure tables, and checklists. 

Fish diagrams graphically depict a multidimensional list. See Figures 20 and 21. Professor Ishikawa developed them while on a quahty control project for Kawasaki Steel they are the cause side of cause-and-effect diagrams. The diagram gives an easily understood overview of a problem. 

A very effective technique is to post the fish diagram on a wall near the problem operation. Then invite everyone to comment on possible problems and solutions many quality problems can be reduced with better communication. 

Some use additional charting techniques when seeking causes. One example is the Ishikawa fish diagram. Many people use this diagram in dealing with quality. It applies a concept that includes people, methods, machines, materials, environment, measurements. That model is similar to the hazard control models introduced in Chapter 9. They included the 4M s and the Goal Accomplishment Model. 

The easiest way to represent the changes in the phase behavior of these systems is to monitor the changes in a so-called fish diagram. This specific cut through the phase prism is schematically shown in Fig. 12. 

Efficiency boosting mainly leads to two changes in the fish diagram. The X-point moves to the left (to lower total surfactant concentration) and the three-phase region becomes smaller (fish body). This was shown by Stubenrauch and coworkers for the system H20-n-octane-CsE3 [132],... 

Microemulsions are ternary systems containing oil, water, and surfactant. The terms oil and water in a microemulsion system normally refer to oil phase (oil and oil soluble components such as cyclosporine) and aqueous phase (water and water soluble components such as sodium chloride), respectively. The phase behavior of water-oil-surfactant mixtures was extensively studied by Winsor (1948). Based on his experimental observations, Winsor classified equilibrium mixtures of water-oil-surfactant into four systems (1) type I (Winsor I) system where water continuous or oil-in-water (0/W) type microemulsion coexists with the oil phase. In these systems, the aqueous phase is surfactant-rich (2) type II (Winsor II) system where oil continuous or water-in-oil (W/0) type microemulsion coexists with the aqueous phase. In these systems, the oil phase is surfactant-rich (3) type III (Winsor III) system where bicontinuous type microemulsion (also referred to as surfactant-rich middle-phase) coexists with excess oil at the top and excess water at the bottom and (4) type IV (Winsor IV) system where only a single-phase (microemulsion) exists. The surfactant concentration in type IV microemulsion is generally greater than 30 wt%. Type IV microemulsion could be water continuous, bicontinuous, or oil continuous depending on the chemical composition. The phase behavior of microemulsions is often described as a fish diagram shown in Figure lO.I (Komesvarakul et al. 2006). 

Ontiveros, J.F., C. Pierlot, M. Catte et al. 2013. Classification of ester oils according to their equivalent alkane carbon number (EACN) and asymmetry of fish diagrams of C10E4/ester oU/water systems. J Colloid... 

FIGURE 16.5. Typical fish diagram used for determining the effect of perturbing variable on microemulsion phase behavior. 

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