Radiation controls

Practical applications [2] of a GammaMat M model using the new Selenium crawler camera loaded with approx. 1 TBq (30Ci) on a pipeline of diameter 12 and wall thickness of 0.25 showed 6-7 m axial distance to the exposed source as limit of the radiation controlled area (40pSv/h) and 22m perpendicular to the pipeline. Other authors [3] have reported about a comparison for Ir-192 and Selenium source on a 4.5 diameter pipe and 0,125 steel thickness they have found for 0.7 Tbq (18Ci) Selenium a value of 1 Om behind the film (in the unshielded beam) comparing under same conditions to approx. 40m for Iridium. 

Induction electron accelerators - betatrons- are widely used as radiation sources in industrial flaw detection of materials and articles of high thickness. However, relatively low radiation intensity has become the barrier for the most wider betatron use in this area. For the efficiencyincrease of radiation control method of articles, as well as for the possibility to control materials and articles of the most thickness the significant increase of betatron radiation intensity has been required. 

Progress in Radiation Control Technology," Report NP-6708, Electric Power Research Institute, Palo Alto, Calif., Feb. 1990. 

Critical to hazard characterization is the identification of hazards and the assessment of possible worker exposure. This can be accomplished in a variety of ways. As described before, one commonly used technique is a JHA with project teams that include the worker. The information collected is used by the SSHO and the radiation control officer to develop an appropriate hazard control and protection strategy. 

The nuclear reactor also must be shielded against the emission of radioactive material to the external environment. Suitable radiation controls include both thermal and biological shielding systems. Radiation from alpha particles (a rays) and beta particles ((3 rays) has little penetrating power, but gamma rays have deep penetration properties. Neutron radiation is, however, the primary area of risk. Typically, extremely thick concrete walls are used as a neutron absorber, but lead-lined concrete and special concretes are also used. 

Franklin LA, Krabs G, Kuhlenkamp R (2001) Blue light and UV-A radiation control the synthesis of mycosporine-like amino acids in Chondrus crispus (Florideaphyceae). J Phycol... 

Plan for Mill Tailings Sites Under Title II of the Uranium Mill Tailings Radiation Control Act. US Nuclear Regulatory Commission, Washington DC, USA, NUREG-1620. 

The Conference of Radiation Control Program Directors (CRCPD) recognized this need to convert personal monitor readings to He... 

CRCPD (1995). Conference of Radiation Control Program Directors, Inc. Standards for Protection Against Radiation, Part D, Suggested State Regulations for Control of Radiation, Volume 1, Ionizing Radiation (Conference of Radiation Control Program Directors, Inc., Frankfort, Kentucky). 

Management and disposal of most uranium or thorium mill tailings are governed by the Uranium Mill Tailings Radiation Control Act of 1978 (UMTRCA, 1978). This Act is concerned with the control and stabilization of mill tailings for protection of public health and the environment. It addresses (1) remedial actions at inactive uranium or thorium processing sites or on properties in the vicinity of... 

UMTRCA (1978). Uranium Mill Tailings Radiation Control Act. Public Law 95-604 (November 11), 92 Stat. 3021, as amended (U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington). 

A. M. Prokhorov and Y. S. Kuz minov, Ferroelectric crystals for laser radiation control, Adam Hilger, Bristol, 1990. 

Analyte half-lives need to be considered to arrange for rapid collection, transfer to the laboratory, and radioanalytical chemistry processing before they decay to poorly-detectable low amounts. Types of emitted radiation control the detector that must be purchased, calibrated, and operated. Radiochemists and radiation-detector operators who commonly handle a specific category of radionuclides become skilled in purifying and counting these radionuclides. 

To ensure safe shipment and observe the requirements of both the Russian Register and the International Supervisory Bodies to MVs, the new vessel should be equipped with double bottom, double sides, necessary number of cofferdams, biological shielding and physical protection devices, radiation control systems and equipment to ensure the above-water floodability. 

Uncontrolled Hazardous Waste Site Ranking System Def. of Uranium Mill Tailings Radiation Control Act Standards... 

Timing of Administration Act under Uranium Mill Tailing Radiation Control Act of 1978... 

Boothe GF. 1977. The need for radiation controls in the phosphate and related industries. Health Phys 32 285. 

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