Technical parameters

Reactor type Continuously stirred tank reactors in series 

Polymerisation tenq)erature 5 - 10 °C (50 °C is used to produce the so-called hot SBR ) 

Emulsifying agent Various anionic surfactants, usually fatty or rosin acid soaps. Nonylphenols are used at some sites (see footnote) 

Antioxidant p-pher lenediamine derivatives, phenolic types, phosphite types 

Extender oil Highly aromatic, naphthenic, treated distillate aromatic extract (TDAE), mild extract solvate (MES) 

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Many experimental results have been published, which deal with shear stress in biological systems. Most of them use laminar flow systems such as viscosimeters, flow channels or flasks and very small agitated vessels which are not relevant to technical reactor systems with fully developed turbulent flow. On the other hand the geometric and technical parameters are often not sufficiently described. Therefore it is not possible to explain the complex mechanism of force in bioreactors only on the basis of existing results from biological systems. 

System Technical Parameters Total Volume (L) Weight (kg) Weight Including Containment (kg)... 

The model is implemented and evaluated with an industry case. The technical implementation is described first. Then, the industry case is introduced and model-relevant case data are presented. Model reaction tests are conducted for various industry case data sets to analyze model applicability, sensitivity and model planning results. Model performance tests are conducted to analyze technical parameters such as solution time or approximation methods quality. The case evaluation inspired several model extension possibilities presented at the end of the chapter. 

The technical suitability of insulation materials is described by a series of technical parameters relating to the material (heat conductivity and heat storage capacities, damp protection, fire protection class, noise-insulating effect, properties related to building biology, e g. content of hazardous substances such as flame retardants and insecticides). Mineral wools have certain advantages over other insu-... 

The project portfolio enables an overview on the ongoing research activities. Numerous economic and technical parameters have been proposed to provide a meaningful picture. Examples are attractiveness, strategic fit, innovation, gross/net present value, expected profits, R D expenditures, development stage, probability of success, technology fit, and realization time. Most of these parameters cannot be determined quantitatively, at least during the early phases of a project. 

The wavelength of the emitted light depends on the choice of atoms A and B. Besides the principle of excimer formation, the technical parameters for the lamp and discharge are responsible for the quasi-monochromatic character of the emitted spectrum. The most important commercial excimers are formed by electronic excitation of molecules of rare gases (He2, Ne2, Ar2, Kr2, Xe2),... 

In performing such experiments on isotropic materials, one is accustomed to express the elastic stiffness parameters in the experimentally more readily accessible technical parameters E (Young s modulus) and v (Poisson ratio). The relative change in length, in the direction of the tensile stress a is, by definition, given by (Al/t)i — a/E, whereas v = (Af/ )x/( A / )u. For several magnetostrictive films and substrates, E and v values are listed in table 1. Some useful relations are ... 

Bioprocess economics require the engineer or scientist to be able to quickly recognize limiting technical parameters that are likely to be encountered upon scale-up. Processing schemes that minimize operational... 

ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS AND MAJOR TECHNICAL PARAMETERS OF MAIN GAS PIPELINES IN HIGH MOUNTAINOUS REGIONS... 

Description of all important and critical specifications of the system, like process parameter, technical parameters, safety requirements, environmental requirements, and GMP-relevant specifications. 

The prevention of premature gelation must be regarded as one of the most important criteria for choosing the technical parameters for mold filling.29 The authors of the cited publication assume that predicting the maximum pressure increase is important primarily for injection molding of... 

The most relevant technical parameters in electrorefining are the purity of the cathodic deposit, the production rate, and the specific energy consumption (en-ergy/unit mass of produced metal) which are affected by different variables, namely anode composition, electrolyte conditions (purity, metal ion concentration, temperature, circulation rate), current density, and electrode spacing. 

The assay data system should also manage and capture assay metadata including biological and pharmacological categories, technical parameters related to assay method and endpoints, project-related information, and other data relevant to each assay. Metadata vocabulary should be managed by... 

Foam films are usually used as a model in the study of various physicochemical processes, such as thinning, expansion and contraction of films, formation of black spots, film rupture, molecular interactions in films. Thus, it is possible to model not only the properties of a foam but also the processes undergoing in it. These studies allow to clarify the mechanism of these processes and to derive quantitative dependences for foams, O/W type emulsions and foamed emulsions, which in fact are closely related by properties to foams. Furthermore, a number of theoretical and practical problems of colloid chemistry, molecular physics, biophysics and biochemistry can also be solved. Several physico-technical parameters, such as pressure drop, volumetric flow rate (foam rotameter) and rate of gas diffusion through the film, are based on the measurement of some of the foam film parameters. For instance, Dewar [1] has used foam films in acoustic measurements. The study of the shape and tension of foam bubble films, in particular of bubbles floating at a liquid surface, provides information that is used in designing pneumatic constructions [2], Given bellow are the most important foam properties that determine their practical application. The processes of foam flotation of suspensions, ion flotation, foam accumulation and foam separation of soluble surfactants as well as the treatment of waste waters polluted by various substances (soluble and insoluble), are based on the difference in the compositions of the initial foaming solution and the liquid phase in the foam. Due ro this difference it is possible to accelerate some reactions (foam catalysis) and to shift the chemical equilibrium of some reactions in the foam. The low heat... 

You must know the technical parameters of your product. 

Find the important technical parameters of the centrifuge in your washing machine and make a quantitative model of the machine. 

Have a good look at a vacuum cleaner filter, try to find or measure its technical parameters and make a quantitative model of its behaviour. 

The effect of the technical parameters on the size and productivity of Ni(OH)2, such as the KOH concentration, the reaction temperature, and the ethylamine quantity was examined. Table 1 presents the effect of the technical parameters on the size and productivity of Ni(OH)2. 

Table 1. Effect of technical parameters on the size and productivity of Ni(OH)2. ...

A rough estimation nicely highlights the contribution and importance of a well-developed separation factor. Whereas changes in k from 3 to 5 only improve the peak resolution by 10.7% and a doubhng of N by 41.4%, the increase of selectivity from 1.2 to 2.2 will result in an improvement of 83.3%. Since in most cases the technical parameters hke particle size and pressure are given and used under optimum conditions, the search for high selectivity cannot be overemphasized. 

To make an appropriate choice of the membrane technique (or determine its applicability to water or wastewater treatment), it is essential to be aware of the physicochemical and biochemical properties of the solute and its components. Having such information at hand, we may consider the technical parameters of the available membrane processes. 

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