Treated distillate aromatic extracts

FIGURE 37.5 General refining techniques for production of distillate aromatic extract (DAE), mild extraction solvate (MES), and treated distillate aromatic extract (TDAE). (From Joona, M., High-aromatic tire extender oils implications and future, ITEC, OH, 2004.)... 

Extender oil Highly aromatic, naphthenic, treated distillate aromatic extract (TDAE), mild extract solvate (MES)... 

Some aromatic oil substitutes called mild extract solvates (MES) are being evaluated as substitutes for aromatic oils that are banned. Another class of substitutions for aromatic oils in rubber is treated distillate aromatic extracts (T-DAE), which are also being considered. Relative costs of these possible substitutes will determine to what extent each type of oil will be used, compared to naphthenic oil. 

Lube oil extraction plants often use phenol as solvent. Phenol is used because of its solvent power with a wide range of feed stocks and its ease of recovery. Phenol preferentially dissolves aromatic-type hydrocarbons from the feed stock and improves its oxidation stability and to some extent its color. Phenol extraction can be used over the entire viscosity range of lube distillates and deasphalted oils. The phenol solvent extraction separation is primarily by molecular type or composition. In order to accomplish a separation by solvent extraction, it is necessary that two liquid phases be present. In phenol solvent extraction of lubricating oils these two phases are an oil-rich phase and a phenol-rich phase. Tne oil-rich phase or raffinate solution consists of the "treated" oil from which undesirable naphthenic and aromatic components have been removed plus some dissolved phenol. The phenol-rich phase or extract solution consists mainly of the bulk of the phenol plus the undesirable components removed from the oil feed. The oil materials remaining... 

Extractive distillation was the basis of a process introduced commercially by the Shell Development Co. and put into operation in 1940 at the Houston refinery of the Shell Oil Co., Inc., for separating toluene from virgin stocks (6) subsequently it was used also on hydroformates and cracked naphthas. This process, shown diagrammatically in Figure 3, involves the production of a toluene concentrate by distillation to remove low and high boiling contaminants, which then is extractively distilled with phenol to separate the aromatics from the paraffin (5). The extract is obtained as a bottoms stream from the extractive distillation tower, and is further fractionated in a distillation tower to separate raw toluene from the phenol, after which the toluene is acid treated and redis-... 

Until very recently, solvent extraction was the only economic method available for producing a mixture of aromatics from wide cuts to Cg). th the industnaUzatioa of processes designed to attain the degree of purity required for toluene and xylenes by simple dist iioD, extraction is liable to lose its value in view of the fact that extractive distillation sufhces to treat the C cut and to purify the benzene. 

Mcrcury(II) acetate (6.37 g, 20 mmol) was added during 10 min to a stirred solution of a prop-2-yn-l -ol (20 mmol) and an aromatic 1,2-diamine (20 mmol) in THF (80 mL). After the mixture had been stirred for 14 h at rt or 60 °C the precipitated Hg (> 90%) was filtered off and the liquid phase was treated with 3 M aq KOH (15 mL) and extracted with Et O (3 x 15 ml). The ethereal layer was dried (Na.SO ), the volatile components were evaporated under reduced pressure, and the crude product was recrystallized from EtOH. In the case of 22b, the crude product was distilled in vacuo. 

Methods of improving the color are (1) redistillation with steam as with pressure distillate and (2) filtration.through fuller s earth. Continuous methods of sweetening and acid treating kerosene are employed (Fig. 10-11) in most refineries. For the removal of aromatics, the Edeleanu solvent extraction process (Chap. 11) is widely used, but... 

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