Tape test

A very simple tape test was used to demonstrate that a significant increase in adhesion of copper to PS accompanied formation of this complex. Copper films applied to clean PS were easily removed when a tape was pressed against the copper films and then peeled away. However, copper films applied to PS that was treated with an oxygen plasma were never removed by the tape, indicating significantly increased adhesion. 

A method of evaluating the adhesive bond to a plastic coating substrate is a tape test. Pressure-sensitive adhesive tape is applied to an area of the adhesive coating, which is... 

There are some standard adhesion tests used by the paint and coatings industry, which we have adopted for our work. The most common is the Scotch tape test, which is described by an ASTM D3359, method B. 

Figure 3. Adhesion (Scotch tape test) of PVDF/LBG1025 coating showing poor adhesion ofgraphite to copper current collector.

Blister Box Test, according to ASTM D 4585 (ISO 6270). This test evaluates the water resistance of a coat by condensation of water vapour. The panel surface with the coating system is exposed to 40°C, saturated water vapour, at an angle of 15° to the horizontal. The reverse side of the panel is exposed to room temperature. At each inspection blisters and rust are evaluated according to ASTM D 714 (ISO 4628-2) and ASTM D 610 (ISO 4628-3) respectively. Cracking is evaluated according to ISO 4628-4. When the test is stopped, adhesion is evaluated according to ASTM D 3359, tape test (ISO 2409) or ASTM D 4541 (ISO 4624), pull-off test. 

Adhesion tests can be broken into two categories qualitative and quantitative. They vary from a simple Scotch tape test to a complicated flyer tape test, which requires precision-machined specimens and a very expensive testing facility. Quantitative (such as peeling) tests have been developed for coatings on plastics (12), but not to the same extent for metal-to-metal systems. The quantitative testing systems in limited use, mainly in the electronics industry, are not commonly present in production plants but have been used to aid in process development. For quality control purposes, qualitative tests for metal-to-metal adhesion (13) are usually adequate. The adhesion of some plated metal parts is improved with baking for 1 to 4 h at relatively low (120 to 320°C) temperatures. 

The adhesion was measured using the ASTM standard tape test (100). The adhesion of the conductive copper layers proved to be excellent. 

Standard test methods for measuring adhesion by tape test, ASTM Standard ASTM D3359-09, ASTM International, WestConshohocken, PA, 2009. 

Zirconium propionate is a polymeric zirconium carboxylate its structure is illustrated in Fig. 10. Use of zirconium propionate markedly increases the adhesion of an ink applied to treated polypropylene film. Figure 11 compares zirconium propionate with titanium acetylacetonate, which is commonly regarded as the industry standard. The standard test method used in the ink industry is the so-called tape test . Sticky tape is placed on the printed film and pressure is applied by the operator s thumb. The tape is then pulled off, by hand, and the amount of ink removed is visually assessed. Although extremely crude, it can be, and is, used for control in the ink industry. 

The coatings were scored (crosshatched) with a razor, and adhesion was determined by the conventional cellophane tape test. The tape was pressed firmly against the coating and then jerked up. If any trace of the coating was removed by the tape on several tests, the coating was considered to have failed the test. The results obtained by the scored cellophane tape test are listed in Tables II and III. All coated specimens used for this test were dried for 2 hours at 115°C to ensure complete removal of all solvents, but a 1-hour drying period at 23 °C was sufficient for many of the coatings to pass the cellophane tape test. 

All the coated samples listed in the tables were heated in an oven for 2 hours at 115 °C to ensure the removal of all solvent. Drying at room temperature, however, was sufficient for many of the coatings to pass the cellophane tape test. The cellulose acetate butyrate blends with 1% of each of the four carboxylated polyesters in Table II, for instance, passed the adhesion test on steel after the coatings had dried at 23 °C for only 0.5 hour, and the blends with 1% of the polyesters having acid numbers of 39-126 passed the adhesion test on aluminum. 

Required on front folder in a clear, sharp, permanent-type print in black ink. Permanent adhesive labels may be used in a clear, sharp print. Printing must withstand a Scotch Tape Test, which consists of pressing a strip of Scotch tape firmly on the printed area and removing it. There should be no transfer of the printed area on the tape. 

The surface area of the membrane materials was measured before and after SASRA treatment by a single point BET instrument with a TC-detector. Three samples were run in parallel and the amount of adsorbed nitrogen on the sample surface was measured and used for calculating the surface area. The phase composition was characterised by XRD. After SASRA treatment the adherence of the membranes to the support was tested by the Scotch Tape Test [26], In this test, a piece of Scotch Tape was applied firmly with the sticky side onto the membrane surface and torn off rapidly. If the membrane layer was torn off together with the tape, it was concluded that delamination had occurred. For membranes that showed no sign of delamination, the pore-size was measured with permporometry for a second time. 

Standard y-alumina membrane-layers on CX-AI2O3 supports not treated with MAP and prepared as described in [10] always came off in the Scotch Tape Test after SASRA treatment. As shown in Figure 1 (a and b), in these membranes a crack is formed in the membrane-support interface leading to delamination. When the support was treated with MAP, however, after steam treatment no delamination was observed. 

LPD films of Ti02 on BMI and on Kapton were stable to sonication in water and could not be removed by a standard tape test. Figure 2 shows cross-sectional SEM of samples of BMI and Kapton with surface oxide films ranging in thicknesses from 200-700 nm. The thickness of the titania layer is independent of the activation of the surface or the kind of polymer. The thicker films (Figure 2b and 2d) are comparable ( 20%) to those reported on sulfonate-monolayers (400 nm).12 Thinner films (Figure 2a and 2c) were somewhat thicker than those reported on a clean silicon wafer (200-300 nm vs. 80 nm), likely due to variability in the time needed for the onset of film deposition. 

Tape test >2.5 Melt temperature, injection speed, hold pressure, hold time Increasing any one of these parameters increases tape test quality. Speed is by far the most effective, other three have approximately equal effect. 

With the help of complementary surface analysis techniques such as XPS, Static SIMS and AES, we have been able to show how a short (23 msfilms leads to a slight oxidation of the surface as well as to the formation of N2 containing species. These modifications are necessary for the improvement of the adhesion observed with a scotch-tape test. However, the presence of oxygen is not the only factor responsible for a good adhesion, since the AES profiles of die deposited aluminium, show the same oxidized interface in the case of the non treated metallized polymeric film. The films are pretreated in a corona discharge configuration (hollow electrode-grounded cylinder) and the aluminium is deposited onto the film in situ. 

Analysis of the Non Metallized. Pretreated Polypropylene. In a previous paper (1), we have shown that for very short treatment times (23 ms) in N2 or NH3 plasma, the first observed effect of the plasma was an increase of the dispersive component (y ) of the polypropylene surface tension. Since almost no nitrogen nor oxygen were detected by XPS for treatment times shorter than 0.7 s, it was concluded that the plasma had first a physical effect rather than a chemical one, although the efficiency of the treatment on the Al-PP adhesion was high (as proven by the use of a scotch-tape test). 

Figure 10.8 Scanned image of the surface of two alloy panels showing adhesion failure caused by the omission of O2 plasma treatment of the substrate prior to plasma film deposition and application of the primer (Deft 44-GN-72 MIL-P-85582 Type I Waterbased Chromated Control Primer), a) Panel after Skydrol LD4 fluid resistance test, which had the O2 plasma treatment prior to film deposition and primer application, b) Panel after scribed wet (24-h immersion in tap water) tape test, which had not been treated with the O2 plasma treatment prior to film deposition and primer application.

Thermal cycling was performed on the eoatings aeeording to ASTM G5342-1972, followed by a semiquantitative tape test to eheek the adhesion strength. The temperature was cyeled five times from 85°C to —40°C, unless failure oeeurred earlier. Adhesive scotch tape of peel strength lON/em was used for the tape test. 

Adhesion of the cathodic E-coat to the plasma polymer surfaces is an important parameter in the corrosion protection of A1 alloys. In general, the adhesion performance of E-coat applied to plasma polymers was found to be far superior to that of the control panels. A-Methylpyrrolidinone (NMP) paint delamination was not observed after 120 min for E-coat on plasma polymer surfaces as compared to a maximal time for complete delamination of 5 min for E-coat on chromate conversion coating [2B] CC/E panels. The adhesion performance of cathodic E-coat on the plasma polymer surfaces could not be differentiated by the conventional tape test (ASTM D3359-93B), since E-coat on all of the combinations... 

Substrate Pretreatment Tape test rating El E2 NMP time (min) ... 

Plasma systems Coating systems Dry Tape test rating Water boiled for 1, 4, 8h... 

The same plasma polymer deposited in a closed-system reactor has a graded elemental composition with a carbon-rich top surface, and the oligomer content is much lower [10], both of which increase the level of adhesion. The adhesion of the same water-borne primer is excellent and survives 8 h immersion in boiling water. When this surface is treated with O2 plasma, the adhesion does not survive 1 h of boiling, while the dry tape test still remains at the level of 5. The water-sensitivity of adhesion depends on the chemical nature of the top surface as depicted by XPS data shown in Figure 28.12. Water-insensitive tenacious adhesion, coupled with good transport barrier characteristics, provides excellent corrosion protection, as supported by experimental data [1-4], and constitutes the basic principle for the barrier-adhesion approach. 

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